Hacking at the Voynich manuscript - Side notes
002 Transforming Chinese into Voynichese
# Last edited on 2004-01-08 11:10:08 by stolfi
[ Originally Notes/012, renumbered to Notes/002 on 1999-01-31 ]
The goal here is to produce a "natural" phonetic encoding of Chinese
that looks like Voynichese, in particular one that produces
words the prefix-midfix-suffix paradigm.
I. STATISTICS OF CHINESE ELEMENTS
ln -s ../../Texts/PART/chin-mch.txt
ln -s ../../Texts/PART/chin-tao.txt
set sams = ( mch tao )
set samc = "mch,tao"
foreach sam ( ${sams} )
cat chin/${sam}.txt \
| egrep -v '^[#]' \
| tr 'A-ZÜ' 'a-zü' \
| tr -c 'a-zü0-9' '\012' \
| egrep '.' \
> chin/${sam}.wds
end
cat chin/{$samc}.wds > chin/tot.wds
dicio-wc chin/???.wds
lines words bytes file
------- ------- --------- ------------
3777 3777 18287 chin-mch.wds
5442 5442 26736 chin-tao.wds
9219 9219 45023 chin.wds
foreach sam ( ${sams} )
cat chin/${sam}.wds \
| sort | uniq \
> chin/${sam}.dic
end
cat chin/{$samc}.dic | sort | uniq > chin/tot.dic
dicio-wc chin/{$samc}.dic chin/tot.dic
lines words bytes file
------- ------- --------- ------------
505 505 2556 chin/mch.dic
468 468 2425 chin/tao.dic
675 675 3462 chin/tot.dic
bool 1-2 chin/{mch,tao}.dic > .mch-tao
bool 2-1 chin/{mch,tao}.dic > .tao-mch
bool 2.1 chin/{mch,tao}.dic > .tao.mch
bool 2+1 chin/{mch,tao}.dic > .tao+mch
dicio-wc chin/{mch,tao}.dic .{mch,tao}?{mch,tao}
lines words bytes file
------- ------- --------- ------------
505 505 2556 chin/mch.dic
468 468 2425 chin/tao.dic
207 207 1037 .mch-tao
675 675 3462 .tao+mch
170 170 906 .tao-mch
298 298 1519 .tao.mch
cat chin/tot.dic \
| tr -d '[0-9]' \
| sort | uniq \
> chin/tot-notone.dic
dicio-wc chin/tot.dic chin/tot-notone.dic
lines words bytes file
------- ------- --------- ------------
675 675 3462 chin/tot.dic
324 324 1367 chin/tot-notone.dic
foreach sam ( ${sams} )
cat chin/${sam}.wds \
| sort | uniq -c | expand \
| sort +0 -1nr \
| compute-freqs \
> chin/${sam}.wfr
end
egrep '^[aeiouüwy]' chin/tot-notone.dic
foreach sam ( ${sams} )
echo " "; echo "${sam}"
cat chin/${sam}.wds \
| pinyin-factor-words \
> chin/${sam}.fac
cat chin/${sam}.fac \
| egrep -v '^([@b-df-hj-np-tv-z]|[csz]h){[aeiouü]+:[0-4]}([@rn]|ng)$' \
| head -20
end
cat chin/{$samc}.fac > chin/tot.fac
dicio-wc chin/{$samc}.fac chin/tot.fac
lines words bytes file
------- ------- --------- ------------
3777 3777 33135 chin/mch.fac
5442 5442 47641 chin/tao.fac
9219 9219 80776 chin/tot.fac
mkdir chin/{pref,midf,tone,suff}
foreach sam ( tot ${sams} )
echo " "; echo "${sam}"
cat chin/${sam}.fac \
| sed -e 's/{.*$/-/g' \
| sort | uniq -c | expand \
| sort +0 -1nr \
| compute-freqs \
> chin/pref/${sam}.frq
cat chin/${sam}.fac \
| sed -e 's/^[a-z@]*{/-/g' -e 's/:[0-4]}[nrg@]*$/:/g' \
| sort | uniq -c | expand \
| sort +0 -1nr \
| compute-freqs \
> chin/midf/${sam}.frq
cat chin/${sam}.fac \
| sed -e 's/^[a-z@]*{[a-zü]*:/:/g' -e 's/}[nrg@]*$/-/g' \
| sort | uniq -c | expand \
| sort +0 -1nr \
| compute-freqs \
> chin/tone/${sam}.frq
cat chin/${sam}.fac \
| sed -e 's/^.*}/-/g' \
| sort | uniq -c | expand \
| sort +0 -1nr \
| compute-freqs \
> chin/suff/${sam}.frq
end
foreach elem ( pref midf tone suff )
tabulate-frequencies -dir chin/${elem} -title ${elem} tot ${sams}
cat chin/${elem}/all.cmp-cts
cat chin/${elem}/all.cmp-frq
cat chin/${elem}/all.cmp-top
end
Prefix statistics:
counts frequencies ×9999
---------------------------- ----------------------
tot mch tao pref | tot mch tao pref
------ ------ ------ ---- | ---- ---- ---- ----
1793 568 1225 @- | 1944 1503 2250 @-
887 364 523 sh- | 961 963 960 sh-
834 197 637 zh- | 904 521 1170 zh-
760 473 287 d- | 823 1251 526 d-
512 157 355 b- | 554 415 651 b-
450 209 241 x- | 487 552 442 x-
435 215 220 j- | 471 568 403 j-
413 178 235 g- | 447 470 431 g-
384 90 294 q- | 416 237 539 q-
340 128 212 r- | 368 338 389 r-
339 198 141 h- | 367 523 258 h-
312 166 146 z- | 337 439 267 z-
264 131 133 t- | 285 346 243 t-
262 173 89 l- | 283 457 163 l-
241 90 151 m- | 260 237 276 m-
202 74 128 ch- | 218 195 234 ch-
195 91 104 f- | 211 240 190 f-
186 43 143 s- | 201 113 262 s-
156 90 66 n- | 168 237 120 n-
131 75 56 k- | 141 198 102 k-
82 35 47 c- | 88 92 85 c-
41 32 9 p- | 43 84 16 p-
9219 3777 5442 TOTAL |
sorted freqs ×99
--------------------
tot mch tao
------ ------ ------
19 @- 14 @- 22 @-
9 sh- 12 d- 11 zh-
8 zh- 9 sh- 9 sh-
8 d- 5 j- 6 b-
5 b- 5 x- 5 q-
4 x- 5 h- 5 d-
4 j- 5 zh- 4 x-
4 g- 4 g- 4 g-
4 q- 4 l- 3 j-
3 r- 4 z- 3 r-
3 h- 4 b- 2 m-
3 z- 3 t- 2 z-
2 t- 3 r- 2 s-
2 l- 2 f- 2 h-
2 m- 2 m- 2 t-
2 ch- 2 n- 2 ch-
2 f- 2 q- 1 f-
1 s- 1 k- 1 l-
1 n- 1 ch- 1 n-
1 k- 1 s- 1 k-
0 c- 0 c- 0 c-
0 p- 0 p- 0 p-
Midfix statistics:
counts | frequencies ×9999
------------------------------ | ------------------------
tot mch tao midf | tot mch tao midf
------ ------ ------ ---- | ---- ---- ---- ----
2413 830 1583 -i: | 2616 2197 2908 -i:
1505 718 787 -e: | 1631 1900 1445 -e:
979 237 742 -u: | 1061 626 1362 -u:
721 302 419 -a: | 781 799 769 -a:
593 224 369 -ia: | 642 592 677 -ia:
385 181 204 -uo: | 417 478 374 -uo:
357 99 258 -uei: | 386 261 473 -uei:
282 103 179 -ü: | 305 272 328 -ü:
265 117 148 -iou: | 286 309 271 -iou:
255 171 84 -ai: | 276 452 153 -ai:
245 120 125 -o: | 265 317 229 -o:
215 85 130 -ao: | 232 224 238 -ao:
182 84 98 -ua: | 196 221 179 -ua:
137 74 63 -ou: | 148 195 115 -ou:
128 92 36 -ei: | 138 243 65 -ei:
117 75 42 -ie: | 126 198 76 -ie:
115 76 39 -iao: | 124 200 71 -iao:
115 78 37 -ue: | 124 206 67 -ue:
104 67 37 -üe: | 112 176 67 -üe:
47 17 30 -üa: | 50 44 54 -üa:
45 16 29 -io: | 48 41 52 -io:
14 11 3 -uai: | 14 28 5 -uai:
9219 3777 5442 TOTAL
tot mch tao
-------- -------- --------
25 -i: 21 -i: 28 -i:
16 -e: 18 -e: 14 -e:
10 -u: 7 -a: 13 -u:
7 -a: 6 -u: 7 -a:
6 -ia: 5 -ia: 6 -ia:
4 -uo: 4 -uo: 4 -uei:
3 -uei: 4 -ai: 3 -uo:
3 -ü: 3 -o: 3 -ü:
2 -iou: 3 -iou: 2 -iou:
2 -ai: 2 -ü: 2 -ao:
2 -o: 2 -uei: 2 -o:
2 -ao: 2 -ei: 1 -ua:
1 -ua: 2 -ao: 1 -ai:
1 -ou: 2 -ua: 1 -ou:
1 -ei: 2 -ue: 0 -ie:
1 -ie: 1 -iao: 0 -iao:
1 -iao: 1 -ie: 0 -ue:
1 -ue: 1 -ou: 0 -üe:
1 -üe: 1 -üe: 0 -ei:
0 -üa: 0 -üa: 0 -üa:
0 -io: 0 -io: 0 -io:
0 -uai: 0 -uai: 0 -uai:
Tone statistics:
tot mch tao tone tot mch tao tone
------ ------ ------ ---- ---- ---- ---- ----
2966 1174 1792 :4- 3216 3107 3292 :4-
2379 837 1542 :2- 2580 2215 2833 :2-
1830 634 1196 :1- 1984 1678 2197 :1-
1595 697 898 :3- 1729 1844 1649 :3-
449 435 14 :0- 486 1151 25 :0-
9219 3777 5442 TOTAL
tot mch tao
------ ------ ------
31 :4- 30 :4- 32 :4-
25 :2- 21 :2- 28 :2-
19 :1- 18 :3- 21 :1-
17 :3- 16 :1- 16 :3-
4 :0- 11 :0- 0 :0-
Paired midfix:tone statistics:
counts | frequencies ×9999
------------------------------ | ------------------------
tot mch tao midf | tot mch tao midf
------ ------ ------ ---- | ---- ---- ---- ----
714 291 423 -i:4- | 773 769 776 -i:4-
654 176 478 -i:1- | 708 465 877 -i:1-
589 161 428 -e:2- | 638 425 785 -e:2-
568 158 410 -i:2- | 615 417 752 -i:2-
499 84 415 -u:4- | 540 221 762 -u:4-
410 149 261 -i:3- | 444 393 479 -i:3-
336 333 3 -e:0- | 363 881 5 -e:0-
280 119 161 -a:1- | 303 314 295 -a:1-
239 93 146 -a:4- | 258 245 267 -a:4-
236 63 173 -u:2- | 255 166 317 -u:2-
227 56 171 -ia:1- | 245 147 313 -ia:1-
220 96 124 -e:4- | 238 253 227 -e:4-
191 58 133 -e:3- | 206 153 243 -e:3-
190 71 119 -ia:4- | 205 187 218 -ia:4-
174 72 102 -iou:3- | 188 190 186 -iou:3-
170 81 89 -uei:4- | 183 213 163 -uei:4-
169 70 99 -e:1- | 182 184 181 -e:1-
162 64 98 -u:3- | 175 168 179 -u:3-
146 8 138 -uei:2- | 157 20 253 -uei:2-
136 42 94 -ao:4- | 147 110 172 -ao:4-
133 34 99 -uo:4- | 143 89 181 -uo:4-
132 46 86 -a:2- | 142 121 157 -a:2-
122 57 65 -ia:2- | 131 150 118 -ia:2-
116 85 31 -ai:4- | 125 224 56 -ai:4-
96 45 51 -ü:4- | 103 118 93 -ü:4-
81 40 41 -ua:4- | 87 105 74 -ua:4-
81 24 57 -uo:3- | 87 63 104 -uo:3-
80 51 29 -uo:2- | 86 134 52 -uo:2-
79 60 19 -uo:1- | 85 158 34 -uo:1-
75 19 56 -u:1- | 80 49 102 -u:1-
74 8 66 -ü:2- | 79 20 120 -ü:2-
73 33 40 -o:1- | 78 86 73 -o:1-
72 63 9 -üe:2- | 77 166 16 -üe:2-
71 39 32 -ü:3- | 76 102 58 -ü:3-
70 59 11 -ai:2- | 75 155 19 -ai:2-
70 56 14 -ue:2- | 75 147 25 -ue:2-
67 56 11 -i:0- | 72 147 19 -i:0-
66 44 22 -ie:3- | 71 115 39 -ie:3-
63 20 43 -o:4- | 67 52 78 -o:4-
61 32 29 -iou:4- | 65 84 52 -iou:4-
58 32 26 -ou:4- | 62 84 47 -ou:4-
57 31 26 -a:3- | 61 81 47 -a:3-
57 26 31 -o:2- | 61 68 56 -o:2-
56 39 17 -iao:4- | 60 102 30 -iao:4-
55 31 24 -ao:3- | 59 81 43 -ao:3-
53 39 14 -ia:3- | 56 102 25 -ia:3-
48 37 11 -o:3- | 51 97 19 -o:3-
44 35 9 -ei:4- | 47 92 16 -ei:4-
43 33 10 -ei:3- | 46 86 17 -ei:3-
42 14 28 -ai:3- | 45 36 50 -ai:3-
. . . ... | . . . ...
9219 3777 5442 TOTAL
sorted freqs ×99
--------------------
tot mch tao
---------- ---------- ----------
7 -i:4- 8 -e:0- 8 -i:1-
7 -i:1- 7 -i:4- 7 -e:2-
6 -e:2- 4 -i:1- 7 -i:4-
6 -i:2- 4 -e:2- 7 -u:4-
5 -u:4- 4 -i:2- 7 -i:2-
4 -i:3- 3 -i:3- 4 -i:3-
3 -e:0- 3 -a:1- 3 -u:2-
3 -a:1- 2 -e:4- 3 -ia:1-
2 -a:4- 2 -a:4- 2 -a:1-
2 -u:2- 2 -ai:4- 2 -a:4-
2 -ia:1- 2 -u:4- 2 -uei:2-
2 -e:4- 2 -uei:4- 2 -e:3-
2 -e:3- 1 -iou:3- 2 -e:4-
2 -ia:4- 1 -ia:4- 2 -ia:4-
1 -iou:3- 1 -e:1- 1 -iou:3-
1 -uei:4- 1 -u:3- 1 -e:1-
1 -e:1- 1 -u:2- 1 -uo:4-
1 -u:3- 1 -üe:2- 1 -u:3-
1 -uei:2- 1 -uo:1- 1 -ao:4-
1 -ao:4- 1 -ai:2- 1 -uei:4-
1 -uo:4- 1 -e:3- 1 -a:2-
1 -a:2- 1 -ia:2- 1 -ü:2-
1 -ia:2- 1 -i:0- 1 -ia:2-
1 -ai:4- 1 -ia:1- 1 -uo:3-
1 -ü:4- 1 -ue:2- 1 -u:1-
0 -ua:4- 1 -uo:2- 0 -ü:4-
0 -uo:3- 1 -a:2- 0 -o:4-
0 -uo:2- 1 -ü:4- 0 -ua:4-
0 -uo:1- 1 -ie:3- 0 -o:1-
0 -u:1- 1 -ao:4- 0 -ü:3-
0 -ü:2- 1 -ua:4- 0 -ai:4-
0 -o:1- 1 -ia:3- 0 -o:2-
0 -üe:2- 1 -iao:4- 0 -ü:1-
0 -ü:3- 1 -ü:3- 0 -iou:4-
0 -ai:2- 0 -o:3- 0 -uo:2-
0 -ue:2- 0 -ei:4- 0 -ai:3-
0 -i:0- 0 -uo:4- 0 -a:3-
0 -ie:3- 0 -ei:3- 0 -ou:4-
0 -o:4- 0 -o:1- 0 -üe:1-
0 -iou:4- 0 -iou:4- 0 -uei:1-
0 -ou:4- 0 -ou:4- 0 -ao:3-
0 -a:3- 0 -a:3- 0 -ie:3-
0 -o:2- 0 -ao:3- 0 -io:4-
0 -iao:4- 0 -o:2- 0 -ua:3-
0 -ao:3- 0 -iao:3- 0 -ou:3-
0 -ia:3- 0 -uo:3- 0 -ua:1-
0 -o:3- 0 -o:4- 0 -uo:1-
0 -ei:4- 0 -ou:3- 0 -üa:2-
0 -ei:3- 0 -u:1- 0 -iao:4-
0 -ai:3- 0 -ua:2- 0 -ua:2-
Suffix statistics
counts | frequencies ×9999
------------------------------ | ------------------------
tot mch tao suff | tot mch tao suff
------ ------ ------ ---- | ---- ---- ---- ----
6452 2628 3824 -@ | 6998 6957 7026 -@
1322 613 709 -n | 1433 1622 1302 -n
1276 514 762 -ng | 1383 1360 1399 -ng
169 22 147 -r | 182 57 269 -r
9219 3777 5442 TOTAL
sorted freqs ×99
--------------------
tot mch tao
------ ------ ------
69 -@ 68 -@ 69 -@
14 -n 16 -n 13 -ng
13 -ng 13 -ng 12 -n
1 -r 0 -r 2 -r
II STATISTICS OF VOYNICHESE ELEMENTS
cat ../008/prefs-all.frq \
| compute-freqs \
> voyn-pref.frq
cat ../008/midfs-all.frq \
| compute-freqs \
> voyn-midf.frq
cat ../008/suffs-all.frq \
| compute-freqs \
> voyn-suff.frq
III PAIRING CHINESE AND VOYNICHESE COMPONENTS BY FREQUENCY:
Let's see if we can match the Voynichese prefixes to
Chinese consonants:
pr -m -t -w 80 voyn-pref.frq chin/pref/tot.frq | expand
1859 0.3984 - 1793 0.1945 @-
1296 0.2778 qo- 887 0.0962 sh-
607 0.1301 o- 834 0.0905 zh-
255 0.0547 ol- 760 0.0824 d-
209 0.0448 l- 512 0.0555 b-
108 0.0231 y- 450 0.0488 x-
75 0.0161 d- 435 0.0472 j-
45 0.0096 r- 413 0.0448 g-
36 0.0077 qol- 384 0.0417 q-
29 0.0062 s- 340 0.0369 r-
23 0.0049 q- 339 0.0368 h-
21 0.0045 sol- 312 0.0338 z-
12 0.0026 dy- 264 0.0286 t-
8 0.0017 sal- 262 0.0284 l-
7 0.0015 so- 241 0.0261 m-
6 0.0013 dal- 202 0.0219 ch-
6 0.0013 olo- 195 0.0212 f-
5 0.0011 a- 186 0.0202 s-
5 0.0011 dol- 156 0.0169 n-
4 0.0009 al- 131 0.0142 k-
4 0.0009 lo- 82 0.0089 c-
4 0.0009 or- 41 0.0044 p-
.....
That's no good -- there are too many Voynichese prefixes,
and their frequencies drop too fast.
Let's try Chinese tones and Voynichese prefixes:
pr -m -t -w 80 voyn-pref.frq chin/tone/tot.frq | expand
voynichese chinese
---------------- ---------------
1859 0.3984 - 2966 0.3217 :4-
1296 0.2778 qo- 2379 0.2581 :2-
607 0.1301 o- 1830 0.1985 :1-
255 0.0547 ol- 1595 0.1730 :3-
209 0.0448 l- 449 0.0487 :0-
108 0.0231 y-
75 0.0161 d-
45 0.0096 r-
36 0.0077 qol-
29 0.0062 s-
23 0.0049 q-
21 0.0045 sol-
.............
Let's assume that Voyn y- and o- are allographs of the same prefix,
ol- and l- and d- and r- are separate words. We can get roughly the
correct frequencies by the following mapping:
voynichese chinese
---------- ------------
0.3984 - 0.3704 :04-
0.2778 qo- 0.2581 :2-
0.1532 o-,y- 0.1985 :1-
0.0700 ol-,qol-,sol- 0.1730 :3-
The other Voynichese prefixes can be interpreted as
separate words.
<<<STOPPD HERE>>>
Let's now look at Chinese consonants and Voynichese
midfixes.
pr -m -t -w 80 voyn-midf.frq chin/pref/tot.frq | expand
824 0.1766 -k- 1793 0.1945 @-
588 0.1260 -che- 887 0.0962 sh-
514 0.1102 -she- 834 0.0905 zh-
387 0.0829 -kee- 760 0.0824 d-
354 0.0759 -t- 512 0.0555 b-
347 0.0744 -ke- 450 0.0488 x-
179 0.0384 -te- 435 0.0472 j-
121 0.0259 -ch- 413 0.0448 g-
113 0.0242 -tee- 384 0.0417 q-
105 0.0225 -shee- 340 0.0369 r-
95 0.0204 -chee- 339 0.0368 h-
83 0.0178 -sh- 312 0.0338 z-
58 0.0124 -pche- 264 0.0286 t-
49 0.0105 -chckh- 262 0.0284 l-
38 0.0081 -kch- 241 0.0261 m-
38 0.0081 -p- 202 0.0219 ch-
33 0.0071 -tche- 195 0.0212 f-
31 0.0066 -sheckh- 186 0.0202 s-
28 0.0060 -tch- 156 0.0169 n-
27 0.0058 -kche- 131 0.0142 k-
26 0.0056 -chcth- 82 0.0089 c-
25 0.0054 -checkh- 41 0.0044 p-
25 0.0054 -shckh-
24 0.0051 -shek-
22 0.0047 -kshe-
20 0.0043 -ee-
17 0.0036 -checth-
17 0.0036 -chek-
We should merge Voynichese k with t, and include -d- and -- from the
unifixes.
To get the right proportions at the top frequency, we need to merge
Chinese d- and j-.
voynichese chinese
------------------------ --------------------------
1123 0.196 -- 473 0.125 d-
1216 0.212 -k- 402 0.106 y-
588 0.102 -che- 364 0.096 sh-
582 0.101 -kch- 215 0.057 j-
526 0.092 -ke- 209 0.055 x-
514 0.089 -she- 198 0.052 h-
301 0.052 -d- 197 0.052 zh-
170 0.030 -s- 178 0.047 g-
143 0.025 -kche- 173 0.046 l-
141 0.025 -ch- 166 0.044 z-
105 0.018 -shee- 157 0.042 b-
95 0.017 -chee- 131 0.035 t-
87 0.015 -chckh- 130 0.034 r-
83 0.014 -sh- 91 0.024 f-
42 0.007 -checkh- 90 0.024 m-
40 0.004 -ckh- 90 0.024 n-
39 0.007 -kshe- 90 0.024 q-
37 0.006 -shckh- 75 0.020 k-
31 0.005 -sheckh- 74 0.020 ch-
24 0.004 -shek- 43 0.011 s-
17 0.003 -chek- 35 0.009 c-
32 0.008 p-
Let's try Chinese midfixes (vowel groups) and Voynichese midfixes:
pr -m -t -w 80 voyn-midf.frq chin/midf/tot.frq | expand
824 0.1766 -k- 2413 0.2617 -i:
588 0.1260 -che- 1505 0.1632 -e:
514 0.1102 -she- 979 0.1062 -u:
387 0.0829 -kee- 721 0.0782 -a:
354 0.0759 -t- 593 0.0643 -ia:
347 0.0744 -ke- 385 0.0418 -uo:
179 0.0384 -te- 357 0.0387 -uei:
121 0.0259 -ch- 282 0.0306 -ü:
113 0.0242 -tee- 265 0.0287 -iou:
105 0.0225 -shee- 255 0.0277 -ai:
95 0.0204 -chee- 245 0.0266 -o:
83 0.0178 -sh- 215 0.0233 -ao:
58 0.0124 -pche- 182 0.0197 -ua:
49 0.0105 -chckh- 137 0.0149 -ou:
38 0.0081 -kch- 128 0.0139 -ei:
38 0.0081 -p- 117 0.0127 -ie:
33 0.0071 -tche- 115 0.0125 -iao:
31 0.0066 -sheckh- 115 0.0125 -ue:
28 0.0060 -tch- 104 0.0113 -üe:
27 0.0058 -kche- 47 0.0051 -üa:
26 0.0056 -chcth- 45 0.0049 -io:
25 0.0054 -checkh- 14 0.0015 -uai:
25 0.0054 -shckh-
24 0.0051 -shek-
22 0.0047 -kshe-
20 0.0043 -ee-
17 0.0036 -checth-
17 0.0036 -chek-
.................
Suggestive, but not really a match.
Finally Chinese terminations and Voynichese suffixes (including
unifixes minus -d):
Chinese vowels in termination:
613 0.092 -n
514 0.078 -ng
20 0.003 -r
1772 0.267 -i-, yi-
1075 0.162 -u-, w-
1034 0.156 -e-
970 0.146 -a-
623 0.094 -o-
9 0.001 -ü-
Micro-elements of the Voynichese suffixes and unifixes:
1817 0.363 -dy
1325 0.265 -y
25 0.005 -am
630 0.126 -aiin
595 0.119 -ol
369 0.074 -or
86 0.017 -ain
51 0.010 -d
12 0.002 -air
48 0.010 -s
10 0.002 -r
We can't get a god match, the Chinese terminators -ng -n -r
are much rarer than the Voynichese terminators -dy -y -am.
We can try perhaps
1772 0.267 -i-, yi- 1817 0.363 -dy
1075 0.162 -u-, w- 1325 0.265 -y
1034 0.156 -e- 630 0.126 -aiin
970 0.146 -a- 595 0.119 -ol
623 0.094 -o- 369 0.074 -or
613 0.092 -n 86 0.017 -ain
514 0.078 -ng 51 0.010 -d
20 0.003 -r 25 0.005 -am
9 0.001 -ü- 12 0.002 -air
Maybe we shoud have left y- as a separate Chinese consonant.
Well, let's try it:
cat chin/${sam}.wds \
| sed -f chin/to-voyn.sed \
| head -200 \
| fmt -w 60
Future message to the list:
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For example, consider this sample of pseudo-voynichese:
osol qokcholy qocheaiin qokaiiny qokainaiin ocheaiin
qocheaindy qokcheolaiin oddol odaiindy okchaiinaindy
qosaiin kor olory kcholor kaiinain dory chekaiin
chekaiindy kaiinain sheaiin daiin daiin chain chain daiin
checkhaiinainy shckhol cheordy qokcheainaiin qosheor
kaiinaindy qocheaind kchaiindy daiin dor kchaiinaindy
kaindy qochckhol qodol kor kaiinain sheeaiindy osaiin
For the "code" and plaintext, see
http://www.dcc.unicamp.br/~stolfi/voynich/Notes/014/chin/to-voyn.sed
http://www.dcc.unicamp.br/~stolfi/voynich/Notes/014/chin/mch.txt
This code is still not perfect --- too many "aiin"s in the middle
of words, and words that are too long --- but it is a somewhat
"natural" encoding of the original language, gives roughly correct
voynichese letter statistics, and has a fairly clear p-m-s
structure. Of course this trick does not prove that Voynichese
is Chinese, but merely shows that
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