@inproceedings{lem-hed-bar-02-aa-circ,
  author = {Andreas Lemke and Lars Hedrich and Erich Barke},
  title = {Analog Circuit Sizing Based on Formal Methods using Affine Arithmetic},
  booktitle = {Proc. ICCAD-2002 - International Conference on Computer Aided Design},
  pages = {486--489},
  year = 2002,
  month = nov,
  doi = {10.1145/774572.774643},
  location = {San Jose, California},
  abstract = {We present a novel approach to optimization-based variation-tolerant analog circuit sizing. Using formal methods based on affine arithmetic, we calculate guaranteed bounds on the worst-case behavior and deterministically find the global optimum of the sizing problem by means of branch-and-bound optimization. To solve the nonlinear circuit equations with parameter variations, we define a novel affine-arithmetic Newton operator that gives a significant improvement in computational efficiency over an implementation using interval arithmetic. The calculation of guaranteed worst-case bounds and the global optimization are demonstrated by a prototype implementation.}
}