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<ref name=baer2010>David J. Baer, PhD. US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Laboratory. [https://web.archive.org/web/20130208183218/http://wds2010.com/delegates/presentations/10wed/06-Session0_2-David%20Baer.pdf ''New Findings on Dairy Trans Fat and Heart Disease Risk''], IDF World Dairy Summit 2010, 8–11 November 2010. Auckland, New Zealand</ref>

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<ref name=fnb2005yo>{{cite book | last=Food and nutrition board, institute of medicine of the national academies | title=Dietary Reference Intakes for Energy, Carbohydrate, Fiber, Fat, Fatty Acids, Cholesterol, Protein, and Amino Acids (Macronutrients) | publisher=National Academies Press | year=2005 | pages = 447 | url=http://darwin.nap.edu/books/0309085373/html/447.html}}{{dead link | date=January 2018 | bot=InternetArchiveBot | fix-attempted=yes}}</ref>

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<ref name=mozz2006yq>{{cite journal | vauthors = Mozaffarian D, Katan MB, Ascherio A, Stampfer MJ, Willett WC | title = Trans fatty acids and cardiovascular disease | journal = The New England Journal of Medicine | volume = 354 | issue = 15 | pages = 1601–13 | date = April 2006 | pmid = 16611951 | doi = 10.1056/NEJMra054035 | url = https://semanticscholar.org/paper/e7d0b39670064e2b9b67ff88a8d243fa919ad9de }}</ref>

<ref name=fnb2005yr>{{cite book | last=Food and nutrition board, institute of medicine of the national academies | title=Dietary Reference Intakes for Energy, Carbohydrate, Fiber, Fat, Fatty Acids, Cholesterol, Protein, and Amino Acids (Macronutrients) | publisher=National Academies Press | year=2005 | pages = 424 | url=http://darwin.nap.edu/books/0309085373/html/424.html}}{{dead link | date=January 2018 | bot=InternetArchiveBot | fix-attempted=yes}}</ref>

<ref name=dayr2007>{{cite journal | author=National Dairy Council | title=comments on 'Docket No. 2003N-0076 Food Labeling: Trans Fatty Acids in Nutrition Labeling' | date=18 June 2004 | url=https://www.fda.gov/ohrms/dockets/dailys/04/June04/062304/03N-0076-emc00228-01.pdf | access-date=7 January 2007}}</ref>

<ref name=brow2010ys>{{cite journal | vauthors = Brouwer IA, Wanders AJ, Katan MB | title = Effect of animal and industrial trans fatty acids on HDL and LDL cholesterol levels in humans--a quantitative review | journal = PLOS ONE | volume = 5 | issue = 3 | pages = e9434 | date = March 2010 | pmid = 20209147 | pmc = 2830458 | doi = 10.1371/journal.pone.0009434 | editor1-last = Reitsma | bibcode = 2010PLoSO...5.9434B | editor1-first = Pieter H }}</ref>

<ref name=tric2004>{{cite journal | vauthors = Tricon S, Burdge GC, Kew S, Banerjee T, Russell JJ, Jones EL, Grimble RF, Williams CM, Yaqoob P, Calder PC | display-authors = 6 | title = Opposing effects of cis-9,trans-11 and trans-10,cis-12 conjugated linoleic acid on blood lipids in healthy humans | journal = The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition | volume = 80 | issue = 3 | pages = 614–20 | date = September 2004 | pmid = 15321800 | doi = 10.1093/ajcn/80.3.614 | doi-access = free }}</ref>

<ref name=zulet2005>{{cite journal | vauthors = Zulet MA, Marti A, Parra MD, Martínez JA | title = Inflammation and conjugated linoleic acid: mechanisms of action and implications for human health | journal = Journal of Physiology and Biochemistry | volume = 61 | issue = 3 | pages = 483–94 | date = September 2005 | pmid = 16440602 | doi = 10.1007/BF03168454 }}</ref>

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<ref name=kumm2004yu>{{cite journal | vauthors = Kummerow FA, Zhou Q, Mahfouz MM, Smiricky MR, Grieshop CM, Schaeffer DJ | title = Trans fatty acids in hydrogenated fat inhibited the synthesis of the polyunsaturated fatty acids in the phospholipid of arterial cells | journal = Life Sciences | volume = 74 | issue = 22 | pages = 2707–23 | date = April 2004 | pmid = 15043986 | doi = 10.1016/j.lfs.2003.10.013 }}</ref>

<ref name=mojs2003>{{cite journal | vauthors = Mojska H | title = Influence of trans fatty acids on infant and fetus development | journal = Acta Microbiologica Polonica | volume = 52 Suppl | pages = 67–74 | year = 2003 | pmid = 15058815 }}</ref>

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<ref name=menaa2013>{{cite journal | vauthors = Menaa F, Menaa A, Menaa B, Tréton J | title = Trans-fatty acids, dangerous bonds for health? A background review paper of their use, consumption, health implications and regulation in France | journal = European Journal of Nutrition | volume = 52 | issue = 4 | pages = 1289–302 | date = June 2013 | pmid = 23269652 | doi = 10.1007/s00394-012-0484-4 }}</ref>

<ref name=rise2006>{{cite journal | first = Ulf | last = Riserus | name-list-format = vanc | title=Trans fatty acids, insulin sensitivity and type 2 diabetes | journal=Scandinavian Journal of Food and Nutrition | volume=50 | issue=4 | pages=161–165 | year=2006 | doi=10.1080/17482970601133114 | doi-access=free}}</ref>

<ref name=tftf2006>{{cite journal | author=Trans Fat Task Force | title=TRANSforming the Food Supply (Appendix 9iii) | date=June 2006 | url=http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/fn-an/nutrition/gras-trans-fats/tf-ge/tf-gt_app9iii_e.html | access-date=9 January 2007 | url-status=dead | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070225021532/http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/fn-an/nutrition/gras-trans-fats/tf-ge/tf-gt_app9iii_e.html | archive-date=25 February 2007}} (Consultation on the health implications of alternatives to trans fatty acids: Summary of Responses from Experts)</ref>

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<ref name=asch1999>{{cite journal | vauthors = Ascherio A, Katan MB, Zock PL, Stampfer MJ, Willett WC | title = Trans fatty acids and coronary heart disease | journal = The New England Journal of Medicine | volume = 340 | issue = 25 | pages = 1994–8 | date = June 1999 | pmid = 10379026 | doi = 10.1056/NEJM199906243402511 | url = https://semanticscholar.org/paper/901e1ee3995be35f030b958d93e3c9faa000c2a9 }}</ref>

<ref name=mens1990>{{cite journal | vauthors = Mensink RP, Katan MB | title = Effect of dietary trans fatty acids on high-density and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels in healthy subjects | journal = The New England Journal of Medicine | volume = 323 | issue = 7 | pages = 439–45 | date = August 1990 | pmid = 2374566 | doi = 10.1056/NEJM199008163230703 | url = http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/13110 }}</ref>

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<ref name=gatto2003>{{cite journal | vauthors = Gatto LM, Sullivan DR, Samman S | title = Postprandial effects of dietary trans fatty acids on apolipoprotein(a) and cholesteryl ester transfer | journal = The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition | volume = 77 | issue = 5 | pages = 1119–24 | date = May 2003 | pmid = 12716661 | doi = 10.1093/ajcn/77.5.1119 | doi-access = free }}</ref>

<ref name=lopez2005zd>{{cite journal | vauthors = Lopez-Garcia E, Schulze MB, Meigs JB, Manson JE, Rifai N, Stampfer MJ, Willett WC, Hu FB | display-authors = 6 | title = Consumption of trans fatty acids is related to plasma biomarkers of inflammation and endothelial dysfunction | journal = The Journal of Nutrition | volume = 135 | issue = 3 | pages = 562–6 | date = March 2005 | pmid = 15735094 | doi = 10.1093/jn/135.3.562 | doi-access = free }}</ref>

<ref name=morr2003>{{cite journal | vauthors = Morris MC, Evans DA, Bienias JL, Tangney CC, Bennett DA, Aggarwal N, Schneider J, Wilson RS | display-authors = 6 | title = Dietary fats and the risk of incident Alzheimer disease | journal = Archives of Neurology | volume = 60 | issue = 2 | pages = 194–200 | date = February 2003 | pmid = 12580703 | doi = 10.1001/archneur.60.2.194 | doi-access = free }}</ref>

<ref name=gran2008>{{cite journal | vauthors = Granholm AC, Bimonte-Nelson HA, Moore AB, Nelson ME, Freeman LR, Sambamurti K | title = Effects of a saturated fat and high cholesterol diet on memory and hippocampal morphology in the middle-aged rat | journal = Journal of Alzheimer's Disease | volume = 14 | issue = 2 | pages = 133–45 | date = June 2008 | pmid = 18560126 | pmc = 2670571 | doi = 10.3233/JAD-2008-14202 }}</ref>

<ref name=acs0000ze>{{cite web | last=American Cancer Society | title=Common questions about diet and cancer | url=http://www.cancer.org/docroot/ped/content/ped_3_2x_common_questions_about_diet_and_cancer.asp | access-date=9 January 2007}}</ref>

<ref name=chav2006>{{cite journal | vauthors = Chavarro J, Stampfer M, Campos H, Kurth T, Willett W, Ma J | title=A prospective study of blood trans fatty acid levels and risk of prostate cancer | journal=Proc. Amer. Assoc. Cancer Res. | volume=47 | date=1 April 2006 | url=http://www.aacrmeetingabstracts.org/cgi/content/abstract/2006/1/943 | access-date=9 January 2007 | issue=1 | pages = 943}}</ref>

<ref name=bras2011>{{cite journal | vauthors = Brasky TM, Till C, White E, Neuhouser ML, Song X, Goodman P, Thompson IM, King IB, Albanes D, Kristal AR | display-authors = 6 | title = Serum phospholipid fatty acids and prostate cancer risk: results from the prostate cancer prevention trial | journal = American Journal of Epidemiology | volume = 173 | issue = 12 | pages = 1429–39 | date = June 2011 | pmid = 21518693 | pmc = 3145396 | doi = 10.1093/aje/kwr027 }}</ref>

<ref name=iarcfr2008>{{cite press release | url=http://www.iarc.fr/ENG/Press_Releases/pr184a.html | title=Breast cancer: a role for trans fatty acids? | work=World Health Organization | date=11 April 2008 | url-status=dead | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080413023008/http://www.iarc.fr/ENG/Press_Releases/pr184a.html | archive-date=13 April 2008}}</ref>

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<ref name=hu2001zf>{{cite journal | vauthors = Hu FB, van Dam RM, Liu S | title = Diet and risk of Type II diabetes: the role of types of fat and carbohydrate | journal = Diabetologia | volume = 44 | issue = 7 | pages = 805–17 | date = July 2001 | pmid = 11508264 | doi = 10.1007/s001250100547 | doi-access = free }}</ref>

<ref name=dam2002>{{cite journal | vauthors = van Dam RM, Willett WC, Rimm EB, Stampfer MJ, Hu FB | title = Dietary fat and meat intake in relation to risk of type 2 diabetes in men | journal = Diabetes Care | volume = 25 | issue = 3 | pages = 417–24 | date = March 2002 | pmid = 11874924 | doi = 10.2337/diacare.25.3.417 | doi-access = free }}</ref>

<ref name=gosl2006zh>{{cite news | last=Gosline | first=Anna | name-list-format = vanc | title=Why fast foods are bad, even in moderation | work=[[New Scientist]] | date=12 June 2006 | url=https://www.newscientist.com/article.ns?id=dn9318 | access-date=9 January 2007}}</ref>

<ref name=xxxx2006zm>{{cite journal | url= https://www.newscientist.com/channel/health/mg19025565.000-six-years-of-fastfood-fats-supersizes-monkeys.html | title=Six years of fast-food fats supersizes monkeys | journal=New Scientist | issue=2556 | date=17 June 2006 | pages = 21 }}</ref>

<ref name=kava2007>{{cite journal | vauthors = Kavanagh K, Jones KL, Sawyer J, Kelley K, Carr JJ, Wagner JD, Rudel LL | title = Trans fat diet induces abdominal obesity and changes in insulin sensitivity in monkeys | journal = Obesity | volume = 15 | issue = 7 | pages = 1675–84 | date = July 2007 | pmid = 17636085 | doi = 10.1038/oby.2007.200 }}</ref>

<ref name=thom2006>{{cite news | url=https://www.hhs.gov/news/speech/2003/030709.html | title=Trans Fat Press Conference | last = Thompson | first = Tommy G | name-list-format = vanc | url-status=dead | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060709233042/http://www.hhs.gov/news/speech/2003/030709.html | archive-date=9 July 2006 }}, US Secretary of health and human services</ref>

<ref name=mahf1981zo>{{cite journal | vauthors = Mahfouz M | title = Effect of dietary trans fatty acids on the delta 5, delta 6 and delta 9 desaturases of rat liver microsomes in vivo | journal = Acta Biologica et Medica Germanica | volume = 40 | issue = 12 | pages = 1699–1705 | year = 1981 | pmid = 7345825 }}</ref>

<ref name=chav2007zp>{{cite journal | vauthors = Chavarro JE, Rich-Edwards JW, Rosner BA, Willett WC | title = Dietary fatty acid intakes and the risk of ovulatory infertility | journal = The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition | volume = 85 | issue = 1 | pages = 231–7 | date = January 2007 | pmid = 17209201 | doi = 10.1093/ajcn/85.1.231 | doi-access = free }}</ref>

<ref name=xxxx2011zq>{{cite news | title=Trans fats and saturated fats could contribute to depression | url=https://www.smh.com.au/lifestyle/wellbeing/food-with-bad-fats-linked-to-depression-study-finds-20110127-1a6vy.html | work=The Sydney Morning Herald | date=28 January 2011 | access-date=8 February 2011 | first=Shari | last=Roan | name-list-format = vanc }}</ref>

<ref name=phiv2009>{{cite journal | vauthors = Phivilay A, Julien C, Tremblay C, Berthiaume L, Julien P, Giguère Y, Calon F | title = High dietary consumption of trans fatty acids decreases brain docosahexaenoic acid but does not alter amyloid-beta and tau pathologies in the 3xTg-AD model of Alzheimer's disease | journal = Neuroscience | volume = 159 | issue = 1 | pages = 296–307 | date = March 2009 | pmid = 19135506 | doi = 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2008.12.006 }}</ref>

<ref name=mcna2007>{{cite journal | vauthors = McNamara RK, Hahn CG, Jandacek R, Rider T, Tso P, Stanford KE, Richtand NM | title = Selective deficits in the omega-3 fatty acid docosahexaenoic acid in the postmortem orbitofrontal cortex of patients with major depressive disorder | journal = Biological Psychiatry | volume = 62 | issue = 1 | pages = 17–24 | date = July 2007 | pmid = 17188654 | doi = 10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.08.026 | url = http://www.biologicalpsychiatryjournal.com/article/S0006-3223(06)01065-1/abstract }}</ref>

<ref name=golo2012>{{cite journal | vauthors = Golomb BA, Evans MA, White HL, Dimsdale JE | title = Trans fat consumption and aggression | journal = PLOS ONE | volume = 7 | issue = 3 | pages = e32175 | year = 2012 | pmid = 22403632 | pmc = 3293881 | doi = 10.1371/journal.pone.0032175 | bibcode = 2012PLoSO...732175G }}</ref>

<ref name=golo2015>{{cite journal | vauthors = Golomb BA, Bui AK | title = A Fat to Forget: Trans Fat Consumption and Memory | journal = PLOS ONE | volume = 10 | issue = 6 | pages = e0128129 | year = 2015 | pmid = 26083739 | pmc = 4470692 | doi = 10.1371/journal.pone.0128129 | bibcode = 2015PLoSO..1028129G }}</ref>

<ref name=meln2015>{{cite journal | vauthors = Melnik BC | title = Linking diet to acne metabolomics, inflammation, and comedogenesis: an update | journal = Clinical, Cosmetic and Investigational Dermatology | volume = 8 | pages = 371–88 | date = 15 July 2015 | pmid = 26203267 | pmc = 4507494 | doi = 10.2147/CCID.S69135 | editor1-last = Weinberg | editor1-first = Jeffrey }}</ref>

<ref name=panov204>{{cite journal | last1=Panov | first1=Alexander | last2=Orynbayeva | first2=Zulfiya | last3=Vavilin | first3=Valentin | last4=Lyakhovich | first4=Vyacheslav | editor1-last=Baranova | editor1-first=Ancha | title=Fatty Acids in Energy Metabolism of the Central Nervous System | journal=BioMed Research International | volume=2014 | issue=The Roads to Mitochondrial Dysfunction | publisher=Hindawa}}</ref>

<ref name=fein2010>{{cite journal | vauthors = Feinman RD | title = Saturated fat and health: recent advances in research | journal = Lipids | volume = 45 | issue = 10 | pages = 891–2 | date = October 2010 | pmid = 20827513 | pmc = 2974200 | doi = 10.1007/s11745-010-3446-8  }}</ref>

<ref name=howa2006>{{cite journal | vauthors=Howard BV, Van Horn L, Hsia J, Manson JE, Stefanick ML, Wassertheil-Smoller S, Kuller LH, LaCroix AZ, Langer RD, Lasser NL, Lewis CE, Limacher MC, Margolis KL, Mysiw WJ, Ockene JK, Parker LM, Perri MG, Phillips L, [[Ross Prentice | Prentice RL]], Robbins J, Rossouw JE, Sarto GE, Schatz IJ, Snetselaar LG, Stevens VJ, Tinker LF, Trevisan M, Vitolins MZ, Anderson GL, Assaf AR, Bassford T, Beresford SA, Black HR, Brunner RL, Brzyski RG, Caan B, Chlebowski RT, Gass M, Granek I, Greenland P, Hays J, Heber D, Heiss G, Hendrix SL, Hubbell FA, Johnson KC, Kotchen JM | display-authors = 6 | title = Low-fat dietary pattern and risk of cardiovascular disease: the Women's Health Initiative Randomized Controlled Dietary Modification Trial | journal = Journal of the American Medical Association | volume = 295 | issue = 6 | pages = 655–66 | year = 2006 | pmid = 16467234 | doi = 10.1001/jama.295.6.655 | doi-access = free }}</ref>

<ref name=zeml2011zv>{{cite journal | vauthors = Zelman K | title = The great fat debate: a closer look at the controversy-questioning the validity of age-old dietary guidance | journal = Journal of the American Dietetic Association | volume = 111 | issue = 5 | pages = 655–8 | date = May 2011 | pmid = 21515106 | doi = 10.1016/j.jada.2011.03.026 }}</ref>

<ref name=dijk2008>{{cite book | editor1-last=Dijkstra | editor1-first=Albert | editor2-last=Hamilton | editor2-first=Richard J. | editor3-last=Wolf | editor3-first=Hamm | name-list-format = vanc | title=Trans Fatty Acids | publisher=Blackwell | year=2008 | isbn=978-1-4051-5691-2 }}</ref>

<ref name=jang2005>{{cite journal | url=http://members.ift.org/NR/rdonlyres/27B49B9B-EA63-4D73-BAB4-42FEFCD72C68/0/crfsfsv4n1p00220030ms20040577.pdf | vauthors=Jang ES, Jung MY, Min DB | title=Hydrogenation for Low Trans and High Conjugated Fatty Acids | journal=Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety | volume=1 | year=2005 | url-status=dead | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081217185908/http://members.ift.org/NR/rdonlyres/27B49B9B-EA63-4D73-BAB4-42FEFCD72C68/0/crfsfsv4n1p00220030ms20040577.pdf | archive-date=17 December 2008}}</ref>

<ref name=vomag0000>[http://www.voicemagazine.org/articles/articledisplay.php?ART=5145 "Ban the Trans: These Sorry Lipids Should Go Away"]</ref>

<ref name=cspi0000zy>[http://www.cspinet.org/transfat/ Center for Science in the Public Interest Trans Fat Page]</ref>

<ref name=harv000zya>[http://www.hsph.harvard.edu/nutritionsource/transfats.html Harvard School of Public Health webpage on trans-fat]</ref>

<ref name=fda2003zyb>{{cite web | url=https://www.fda.gov/food/guidanceregulation/guidancedocumentsregulatoryinformation/labelingnutrition/ucm053479.htm | title=Labeling & Nutrition – Guidance for Industry: ''Trans'' Fatty Acids in Nutrition Labeling, Nutrient Content Claims, Health Claims; Small Entity Compliance Guide | date=August 2003 | publisher=Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition | access-date=6 April 2014 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131026212809/https://www.fda.gov/Food/GuidanceRegulation/GuidanceDocumentsRegulatoryInformation/LabelingNutrition/ucm053479.htm | archive-date=26 October 2013 | url-status=live }}</ref>

<ref name=fda2003zyc>[https://www.fda.gov/OHRMS/DOCKETS/98fr/03-17525.htm Federal Register – 68 FR 41433 11 July 2003: Food Labeling: Trans Fatty Acids in Nutrition Labeling, Nutrient Content Claims, and Health Claims]</ref>

<ref name=mayo0000zyd>[http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/diabetes-diet/DA00075 Fats (Mayo Clinic)]</ref>

<ref name=chem0000zye>[http://www.benbest.com/health/essfat.html#chem The Chemistry of Unsaturated Fats]</ref>