# Last edited on 2025-08-17 21:59:21 by stolfi #Verbal descriptions of quires and pages. @@A02quires Current quire arrangement The last panel of a quire usually has a quire number at the bottom right corner. The number itself is in Western digits, sometimes with obsolete shapes. It is generally followed by a superscript "m9", "u9", "t9" etc, where the "9" has the circle on the baseline and the tail descending below it. This symbol seem to be be a common scribal abbreviation for a Latin ending, such as "-us"; so, for example, "4t9" is "quartus" ("fourth") and "8u9" is "octauus" or "octavus" ("eighth"). The first quire number however, is not "1m9" but "p^m9" with the circumflex over the "p" -- an abbreviation of "primus" ("first"). The current arrangement of each quires is shown below. Except where indicated otherwise, the schematics represent the view from below the book, with the fold-out folios unfolded. In those schematics, "-" is a horz physical edge of a flap, seen edge-on, "¦" denotes a fold that separates two logical pages, ":" is a fold that is spanned by a logical page, "+" is a vertical physical bifolio edge, "B" is the binding that attaches the bifolio to the book, "X" is a folio that is apparently missing, "#" is a folio number, and "@" a quire number. The "f" codes are logical page (not panel) numbers, and the arrows indicate the direction of reading for each logical page. Quire 1 (4 bifolios, 8 folios, 8 flaps, 16 pages) - all Herbal, except f1r which is Unknown: f1r-> # ---------------------+ ¦ <-f1v ¦ f2r-> # ¦ -------------------+ ¦ ¦ <-f2v ¦ ¦ f3r-> # ¦ ¦ -----------------+ ¦ ¦ ¦ <-f3v ¦ ¦ ¦ f4r-> # ¦ ¦ ¦ ---------------+ ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦ <-f4v B B B B ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦ f5r-> # ¦ ¦ ¦ ---------------+ ¦ ¦ ¦ <-f5v ¦ ¦ ¦ f6r-> # ¦ ¦ -----------------+ ¦ ¦ <-f6v ¦ ¦ f7r-> # ¦ -------------------+ ¦ <-f7v ¦ f8r-> # ---------------------+ @ <-f8v Quire 2 (4 bifolios, 7 folios (+ 1 missing), 7 flaps, 14 pages) - all Herbal: f9r-> # ---------------------+ ¦ <-f9v ¦ f10r-> # ¦ -------------------+ ¦ ¦ <-f10v ¦ ¦ f11r-> # ¦ ¦ -----------------+ ¦ ¦ ¦ <-f11v ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦ -XXXXXXXXXXXXXXX f12 ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦ B B B B ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦ f13r-> # ¦ ¦ ¦ ---------------+ ¦ ¦ ¦ <-f13v ¦ ¦ ¦ f14r-> # ¦ ¦ -----------------+ ¦ ¦ <-f14v ¦ ¦ f15r-> # ¦ -------------------+ ¦ <-f15v ¦ f16r-> # ---------------------+ @ <-f16v The missing folio f12 is inferred from the folio numbers. Thus it must have been cut off after the folio numbers were written. The stub where it was cut from is visible between folios 11 and 13. Quire 3 (4 bifolios, 8 folios, 8 flaps, 16 pages) - all Herbal: f17r-> # ---------------------+ ¦ <-f17v ¦ f18r-> # ¦ -------------------+ ¦ ¦ <-f18v ¦ ¦ f19r-> # ¦ ¦ -----------------+ ¦ ¦ ¦ <-f19v ¦ ¦ ¦ f20r-> # ¦ ¦ ¦ ---------------+ ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦ <-f20v B B B B ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦ f21r-> # ¦ ¦ ¦ ---------------+ ¦ ¦ ¦ <-f21v ¦ ¦ ¦ f22r-> # ¦ ¦ -----------------+ ¦ ¦ <-f22v ¦ ¦ f23r-> # ¦ -------------------+ ¦ <-f23v ¦ f24r-> # ---------------------+ @ <-f24v Quire 4 (4 bifolios, 8 folios, 8 flaps, 16 pages) - all Herbal: f25r-> # ---------------------+ ¦ <-f25v ¦ f26r-> # ¦ -------------------+ ¦ ¦ <-f26v ¦ ¦ f27r-> # ¦ ¦ -----------------+ ¦ ¦ ¦ <-f27v ¦ ¦ ¦ f28r-> # ¦ ¦ ¦ ---------------+ ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦ <-f28v B B B B ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦ f29r-> # ¦ ¦ ¦ ---------------+ ¦ ¦ ¦ <-f29v ¦ ¦ ¦ f30r-> # ¦ ¦ -----------------+ ¦ ¦ <-f30v ¦ ¦ f31r-> # ¦ -------------------+ ¦ <-f31v ¦ f32r-> # ---------------------+ @ <-f32v Quire 5 (4 bifolios, 8 folios, 8 flaps, 16 pages) - all Herbal: f33r-> # ---------------------+ ¦ <-f33v ¦ f34r-> # ¦ -------------------+ ¦ ¦ <-f34v ¦ ¦ f35r-> # ¦ ¦ -----------------+ ¦ ¦ ¦ <-f35v ¦ ¦ ¦ f36r-> # ¦ ¦ ¦ ---------------+ ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦ <-f36v B B B B ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦ f37r-> # ¦ ¦ ¦ ---------------+ ¦ ¦ ¦ <-f37v ¦ ¦ ¦ f38r-> # ¦ ¦ -----------------+ ¦ ¦ <-f38v ¦ ¦ f39r-> # ¦ -------------------+ ¦ <-f39v ¦ f40r-> # ---------------------+ @ <-f40v Quire 6 (4 bifolios, 8 folios, 8 flaps, 16 pages) - all Herbal: f41r-> # ---------------------+ ¦ <-f41v ¦ f42r-> # ¦ -------------------+ ¦ ¦ <-f42v ¦ ¦ f43r-> # ¦ ¦ -----------------+ ¦ ¦ ¦ <-f43v ¦ ¦ ¦ f44r-> # ¦ ¦ ¦ ---------------+ ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦ <-f44v B B B B ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦ f45r-> # ¦ ¦ ¦ ---------------+ ¦ ¦ ¦ <-f45v ¦ ¦ ¦ f46r-> # ¦ ¦ -----------------+ ¦ ¦ <-f46v ¦ ¦ f47r-> # ¦ -------------------+ ¦ <-f47v ¦ f48r-> # ---------------------+ @ <-f48v Quire 7 (4 bifolios, 8 folios, 8 flaps, 16 pages) - all Herbal: f49r-> # ---------------------+ ¦ <-f49v ¦ f50r-> # ¦ -------------------+ ¦ ¦ <-f50v ¦ ¦ f51r-> # ¦ ¦ -----------------+ ¦ ¦ ¦ <-f51v ¦ ¦ ¦ f52r-> # ¦ ¦ ¦ ---------------+ ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦ <-f52v B B B B ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦ f53r-> # ¦ ¦ ¦ ---------------+ ¦ ¦ ¦ <-f53v ¦ ¦ ¦ f54r-> # ¦ ¦ -----------------+ ¦ ¦ <-f54v ¦ ¦ f55r-> # ¦ -------------------+ ¦ <-f55v ¦ f56r-> # ---------------------+ @ <-f56v Quire 8 (2 bifolios + 3 missing, 4 folios + 6 missing, 4 flaps, 8 pages) - mixed Herbal + Cosmo + Unknown: f57r-> # Herbal ---------------------+ ¦ <-f57v Cosmo ¦ ¦ f58r-> # Unknown (text only) ¦ -------------------+ ¦ ¦ <-f58v Unknown (text only) ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦ XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX f59 ¦ ¦ X ¦ ¦ X XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX f60 ¦ ¦ X X ¦ ¦ X X XXXXXXXXXXXXXX f61 B B X X X ¦ ¦ X X XXXXXXXXXXXXXX f62 ¦ ¦ X X ¦ ¦ X XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX f63 ¦ ¦ X ¦ ¦ XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX f64 ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦ f65r-> # Herbal ¦ -------------------+ ¦ <-f65v Herbal ¦ ¦ f66r-> # Unknown (text only) ---------------------+ @ <-f66v Herbal The six missing folios f59 to f64 are inferred from the written folio numbers. Three entire bifolios were apparently removed from the middle of the quire, after the folio numbers were written. The binding thread between the two remaining central folios f58 and f65 seems to have been partially cut. However the arrangement of those bifolios is questionable because it interleaves the Herbal pages with Cosmo and Unknown ones. See below for a discussion about the original arrangement. Quire 9 (1 bifolio, 2 folios, 6 flaps, 10 pages) - all Cosmo This quire has only one bifolio comprising six flaps in a horz row. In the current numbering, the flaps are f67.1, f67.2 (folio f67), f68.1, f68.2, f68.3, and f68.4 (folio 68). Flap f68.4 is about half as wide as a normal panel, and its panels f68r4 and f68v4 are included in the logical pages f68r3 and f68v3. f67r1-> @# f67r2-> -----------------¦---------------+ ¦ <-f67v1 <-f67v2 B ¦ f68r1-> f68r2-> # f68r3-> ---------------¦-------------¦-----------:---------+ <-f68v1 <-f68v2 <-f68v3 The current folding of these flaps in the closed book cannot be determined from the scanned images. According to the foliation by L. Davis, the flap f68v4 is a crest while the others are valleys when seen from the inside. That source and the placement of the folio numbers suggests that flap f67.2 is folded down below f67.1 (so that panel f67r1 is first of folio f67) and the flaps of f68 are folded in such a way that, when folio f67 is turned over, but folio f68 is still folded, panel f68v2 is the one visible. The implied pattern is f67r1-> @# ----------------- ¦ <-f67v1 ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦ f67v2-> ¦ ¦ +--------------- ¦ <-f67r2 ¦ ¦ f68v2-> # B ------------- ¦ ¦ <-f68r2 ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦ f68r3-> ¦ ¦ ----------- ¦ ¦ : ¦ ¦ f68v3-> : ¦ ¦ +--------- ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦ f68r1-> ¦ --------------- <-f68v1 Quire 10 (1 bifolio, 2 folios, 4 flaps, 6 pages) - mixed Cosmo + Zodiac This quire has only one bifolio comprising four flaps in a horz row. In the current numbering, the flaps are f69.1 (folio f69), f70.1, f70.2, and f70.3 (folio 70). Flap f70.3 is about half as wide as a normal panel. f69r-> # -----------------+ ¦ <-f69v B ¦ f70r1-> f70r2-> ----------------¦-----------:---------+ <-f70v1@ <-f70v2 Unlike quire 9, this one has the quire mark on the expected page, namely f70v1. On the other hand, there seems to be no folio number on folio f70, neither on recto nor or verso. The half-width panels f70r3 and f70v3 are included in the logical pages f70r2 and f70v2. Thus the quire has six logical pages in total. The reading order is f69r1, then (turning the folio) f69r2, then (unfolding f70 completely) f70r1, f70r2 including panel f70r3, then (turning the folio) f70v2 and f70v1. The first four are Cosmo, the other two are Zodiac. Based on the central figures, the latter are believed to refer to the signs of Pisces and the "Dark" half of Aries, respectively. The widths of the flaps (in mm) are f69 = ~160 f70.1 = ~152 f70.2 = ~137 f70.3 = ~90 When the book is closed, the second folio is presumably folded in a spiral pattern, like this: f69r-> # -----------------+ ¦ <-f69v ¦ ¦ ------------- ¦ : <-f70r2 ¦ B : ¦ ¦ ---------+ ¦ ¦ <-70v2 ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦ f70r1-> ¦ ---------------- <-f70v1@ The folio number "70" should then be on f70v2 if it had been applied with f70 folded, or somewhere on f70r1 or f70r2 if it had been applied with f70 unfolded. But, again, there is no sign of it. Quire 11 (1 bifolio, 2 folios, 5 flaps, 8 pages) - all Zodiac This quire has only one bifolio comprising five flaps in a horz row. In the current numbering, the flaps are f71 (folio f71), f72.1, f72.2, f72.3, and f72.4 (folio 72). Flap f72.4 is about half as wide as a normal panel, and its panels f72r4 and f72v4 are included in the logical pages f72r3 and f72v3. f71r-> # -----------------¦ ¦ <-f71v B C ¦ f72r1-> f72r2-> f72r3-> --H------------¦-------------¦-----------:---------+ <-f72v1@ <-f72v2# <-f72v3 The "C" here is a folded strip of paper that has been conjectured to be the stub of a bifolio whose two folios were cut away. However, if that was the case, the removal would have had to happen after the book was bound, and then the folio numbers would have a gap. Since there is no gap, that "stub" is probly a strip of parch added to reinforce the binding. The "H" there is a large roughly elliptical hole (~16 mm tall and ~12 mm wide) that seems to have been cut out with a knife in order to remove a defect of the parch. As discussed in the description of pages f72r1 and f72v1 below, that surgery must have been done by the Scribe, after completing the text and figures of f72r1 but before doing those of f72v1. The reading order of the pages is believed to be: f71r, then (turning the folio) f71v, then (unfolding f72) f72r1, f72r2, f72r3, then (turning the folio) f72v3, f72v2, and f72v1. In that sequence, based on the central figures, they are presumed to be about the "Light" half of Aries, the "Light" and "Dark" halves of Taurus, then Gemini, Cancer, Leo, Virgo, and Libra. The folio numbers are on page f71r and f72v2, and the quire number is on page f72v1. According to L. Davis, the flaps of f72 are folded in zigzag fashion rather than spiral: f71r-> # -----------------+ ¦ <-f71v1 B ¦ f72v3-> ¦ +------- ¦ : ¦ f72r3-> : ¦ ---------- ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦f72v2-> # ¦ ------------- ¦ <-f72r2 ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦ f72r1-> ¦ --------------- <-f72v1@ The position of the f72 folio number makes sense because the NW corner of f72v2 is visible when f72 is folded, due to the tilted folds and the slanted top edges of flaps f72.3 and f72.4. Quire 12 (1 bifolio, 1 folio + 1 missing, 1 flap, 2 pages) - all Zodiac: Folio 2 of this quire is missing; apparently it was cut out after the book was bound. f73r-> # -----------------¦ ¦ <-f73v B ¦ -XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX+ f74 The missing folio probly contained diagrams for the Western Zodiac signs of Capricorn and Aquarius, completing the Zodiac. If it had additional panels, there is no way of guessing what sort of contents they may had. Quire 13 (5 bifolios, 10 folios, 10 flaps, 20 pages) -- one Unknown, rest all Biology. f75r-> # --------------------+ ¦ <-f75v ¦ f76r-> # Text only ¦ ------------------+ ¦ ¦ <-f76v ¦ ¦ f77r-> # ¦ ¦ ----------------+ ¦ ¦ ¦ <-f77v ¦ ¦ ¦ f78r-> # ¦ ¦ ¦ --------------+ ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦ <-f78v ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦ f79r-> # ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦ ------------+ ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦ <-f79v B B B B B ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦ f80r-> # ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦ ------------+ ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦ <-f80v ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦ f81r-> # ¦ ¦ ¦ --------------+ ¦ ¦ ¦ <-f81v ¦ ¦ ¦ f82r-> # ¦ ¦ ----------------+ ¦ ¦ <-f82v ¦ ¦ f83r-> # ¦ ------------------+ ¦ <-f83v ¦ f84r-> # --------------------+ <-f84v@ The page and quire numbers are all in the expected places. However, the figure on f78v extends across the fold and connects to the figure in f81r, indicating that, at some point (before the page numbers were written) the arrangement and nesting of these bifolios was such that those two pages were facing each other. Assuming that they were all collected in one quire, as they are now, bifolio f78+f81 should have been the one in the center, still folded as it is now. Unfortunately, if this conjecture is true, there is no clue as to the arrangement of the other bifolios at the time. The presence of text-only page f76r in the middle of the quire is also puzzling. While all Biology pages have a lot of text, even the densest ones have figures in the margins. Perhaps bifolio f76+f83 was originally the outermost one, so that page f76r was some introduction to the whole section. But that must have been before the quires were numbered, otherwise the quire number would be on f83v and not in f84v. Quire 14 (1 bifolio, 2 folios, 6 flaps, 7 pages) - mixed Cosmo/Unknown This quire has a giant fold-out with six flaps arranged as two rows of three. The binding fold is between two flaps on the bottom row, thus leaving one folio (f85) with two flaps, one above the other, and the second folio (f86) with four, in a 2 × 2 arrangement. One side of the bifolio is a single logical page (f85v2) spanning all six panels of that side, containing an elaborate figure (the "Nine-Rosette Map"). The figure apparently is meant to be read with the book oriented so that the panels form a grid with two rows and three columns, with the binding in the fold between the leftmost two panels of the bottom row. We will denote those panels as f85v2[i,j] where i is the row (1 = top/N, 2 = bottom/S) and j is the column (1 - left/W, 2 = middle, 3 = right/E), assuming that orientation. The other side of the bifolio has six separate logical pages. Their conventional numbers, and the corresponding panels of page f85v2, are f85r1 verso of f85v2[2,1] f85r2 verso of f85v2[1,1] f86v3 verso of f85v2[2,2] f86v4 verso of f85v2[1,2] f86v5 verso of f85v2[2,3] f86v6 verso of f85v2[1,3] When the non-bound vertical fold (only) is unfolded, looking from below, the arrangement is as follows: f85r1-> # --------------------+ ¦ <-f85v2[2,1] ¦ <-f85v2[1,1] ¦ ------------------+ ¦ ¦ <-f85r2 B ¦ ¦ ¦ f86v4-> f86v6-> ¦ -----------------¦--------------+ ¦ ->f85v2[1,2]-> ->f85v2[1,3] ¦ ->f85v2[2,2]-> ->f85v2[2,3] -------------------¦--------------+ @ <-f86v3 # <-f86v5 In this schematic, the outermost three flaps are the bottom row of the 2 × 3 grid, and the innermost ones are the top row. The folds between the two rows should be imagined to be beyond the screen. When the bifolio is completely folded, the arrangement is f85r1-> # Text only --------------------+ ¦ <-f85v2[2,1] ¦ <-f85v2[1,1] ¦ ------------------+ ¦ ¦ <-f85r2 B ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦ f86v5-> # ¦ ¦ +---------------- ¦ ¦ f85v2[2,3]<- ¦ ¦ ¦ f85v2[1,3]<- ¦ ¦ ¦ +-------------- ¦ ¦ ¦ <-f86v6 ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦ f86v4-> ¦ ¦ ¦ ---------------- ¦ ¦ ->f85v2[1,2]-> ¦ ¦ ->f85v2[2,2]-> ¦ -------------------- @ <-f86v3 In this schematic, note that the folio numbers ("#") are in the expected places (the top right corners of f85r1 and f86v5), and so is the quire number (bottom right corner of f86v3). The presumed reading order of the single-panel pages is: f85r1, then (turning over folio f85, still with the top folded over the bottom) f85r2, then (unfolding only the other vertical fold of folio f86) f86v4, f86v6, then (turning folio f86, still with the top folded down) f86v5, and f86v3. In this order, the pages' contents are: Text, Cosmo, Cosmo, Text, Text, and Cosmo. There is no strong evidence that this is the correct order, nor where the Nine-Rosette Map fits in this sequence. However, if the the top half of the bifolio is unfolded, in order to read pages f85r2, f86v4, f86v6 the book would have to be flipped over and turned upside-down. ??? Finish this section. Check with Rene's webpage. ---------------------------------------------------------------------- The problem of quire 8. Quire 8, the one with three apparently missing bifolios, currently has typical Herbal pages interleaved with Cosmo-like pages or text-only pages. This suggests that the bifolios were rearranged and folded in the wrong way at some point. Here we discuss how they could have been arranged initially. Since bifolio f57+f66 has two Herbal pages on one side and two non-Herbal ones on the other side, there is no way to arrange and fold the two surviving bifolios so that the four Herbal pages come all before (or all after) the non-Herbal ones. The two arrangements at below achieve this goal except that the text-only page f66r is between two Herbal pages: f65r-> Herbal f65v-> Herbal ------------------+ ------------------+ ¦ <-f65v Herbal ¦ <-f65r Herbal ¦ ¦ ¦ f66r-> Text ¦ f66r-> Text ¦ ----------------+ ¦ ----------------+ ¦ ¦ @ <-f66v Herbal ¦ ¦ @ <-f66v Herbal ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦ f57r-> Herbal ¦ ¦ f57r-> Herbal ¦ ----------------+ ¦ ----------------+ ¦ <-f57v Cosmo ¦ <-f57v Cosmo ¦ ¦ ¦ f58r-> Text ¦ f58v-> Text ------------------+ ------------------+ <-f58v Text <-f58r Text Either scheme leaves the current quire mark (on page f66v) inside the quire, instead of on the last page of the quire (f58v or f58r). Thus, if this conjecture is correct, the incorrect rearrangement and re-folding of these two bifolios must have taken place before the quires were numbered. Assuming that the missing bifolios were originally part of the quire, they could have been interleaved into the above scheme in any place, as long as their pages had the proper type (Herbal or not) that would keep the first few pages Herbal, and the rest non-Herbal, apart from f66r. ---------------------------------------------------------------------- The problem of quire 9 The quire number of quire 9 is anomalously placed on the first page, f67r1, instead of the last one, f68v1. A possible explanation is that the bifolio that makes up that quire had been numbered when it was still unbound, and was folded in a different (incorrect) way when it was bound into the VMs book. Here we discuss how the quire may have looked initially, before that mistake. The flap widths (in mm) are f67.1 = ~158 f67.2 = ~158 f68.1 = ~150 f68.2 = ~135 f68.3 = ~132 f68.4 = ~92 (max) These numbers imply that flap f67.2 is a tad too wide to be folded under f68.1. And indeed the state of its right physical edge suggests that a sliver a few mm wide had to be folded or crumpled to make it fit. However, the placement of the quire mark on f67r1 rather than f68v1 suggests that, *when the quire numbers were written*, bifolio f67+f68 was either unbound or bound between flaps f67.1 and f67.2, rather than at between f67.1 and f68.1 as it is now. The first folio of the quire then would have only one flap, the current f67.2, and the current panel f67r2 would be the first page of the quire (which could explain why it was retraced in red ink). The second folio would have four full flaps (the current f67.1, f68.1, f68.2, and f68.3) and one half-width flap (the current f68.4). Flap f67.1 would then have recto and verso reversed. This second folio would be folded in such a way that the current panel f67r1 was at the bottom of the quire. That is: Unfolded f67r2-> -----------------+ ¦ <-f67v2 ¦ ¦ f67v1-> f68r1-> f68r2-> f68r3-> -----------------¦---------------¦-------------¦-----------:---------+ @ <-f67r1 <-f68v1 <-f68v2 <-f68v3 Folded f67r2-> -----------------+ ¦ <-f67v2 ¦ ¦ f68v1-> ¦ --------------- ¦ ¦ <-f68r1 ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦ ----------- ¦ ¦ ¦ : <-f68r3 | ¦ ¦ ¦ : | ¦ ¦ ¦ : | ¦ ¦ ¦ ---------+ | ¦ ¦ ¦ <- f68v3 | ¦ ¦ ¦ | ¦ ¦ ¦ f68r2-> | ¦ ¦ ------------- ¦ ¦ <-f68v2 ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦ f67v1-> ¦ ----------------- @ <-f67r1 There are other possibilities for the folding of the flaps f68.1, f68.2, f68.3, and f68.4, provided that they are all between flaps f67.2 and f67.1. The spiral order above seems more natural. In any case, the reading order of the logical pages at that time would have been current f67r2 then (turning the first folio) f67v2, then (unfolding the second folio) f67v1, f68r1, f68r2, f68r3 (which included f68r4), then (turning the second folio over) f68v3 (which included f68v4), f68v2, f68v1, and f67r1. But at some later time the book was rebound, and then this quire got re-folded in the present state, with flaps f67.1 and f67.2 in one folio and flaps f68.1, f68.2, f68.3, f68.4 in the next folio. Furthermore flap f67.2 was folded inwards, flaps f68.3 and f68.4 were folded inwards, and the two pairs folded inwards again folio folded into the quire in such a way that f67.r2 was the first panel of the quire and f68.v1 was the last one. ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~