@Article{B608029D,
author ="Chandran, Sreekanth K. and Nangia, Ashwini",
title  ="Modulated crystal structure (Z′ = 2) of α-d-glucofuranose-1{,}2∶3{,}5-bis(p-tolyl)boronate",
journal  ="CrystEngComm",
year  ="2006",
volume  ="8",
issue  ="8",
pages  ="581-585",
publisher  ="The Royal Society of Chemistry",
doi  ="10.1039/B608029D",
url  ="http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/B608029D",
abstract  ="The 1∶2 complex of α-d-glucose and p-tolylboronic acid (1) crystallizes in α-glucofuranose form at room temperature in P212121 space group with one molecule in the asymmetric unit (Z′ = 1). Data collection at 100 K afforded a modulated structure in P21 space group and Z′ = 2. Interestingly{,} C–H⋯O interactions are shown to relate with multiple molecular conformations and Z′ > 1. There is no change in the crystal structure of α-d-glucofuranose-1{,}2∶3{,}5-bis(phenyl)boronate (2) between 100–298 K."}


@Article{A808896I,
author ="Bielecki, Mia and Eggert, Hanne and Chr. Norrild, Jens",
title  ="A fluorescent glucose sensor binding covalently to all five hydroxy groups of α-D-glucofuranose. A reinvestigation",
journal  ="J. Chem. Soc.{,} Perkin Trans. 2",
year  ="1999",
issue  ="3",
pages  ="449-456",
publisher  ="The Royal Society of Chemistry",
doi  ="10.1039/A808896I",
url  ="http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/A808896I",
abstract  ="The structures of the complexes between a fluorescent bisboronic acid 7 and glucose have been determined. Shinkai . previously studied the complex between 7 and glucose and they deduced a 1{,}2∶4{,}6-α--glucopyranose bisboronate structure. We have shown that this structure is only valid as an initial complex formed under completely nonaqueous conditions. In the presence of water the pyranose complex rearranges rapidly into an α--glucofuranose-1{,}2∶3{,}5{,}6-bisboronate in which all five free hydroxy groups of glucose are covalently bound by the sensor molecule. A favourable B–N interaction around the 1{,}2-binding site and the effect of an -ammoniomethyl group on the p value of the second boronic acid group allow for the observed binding at neutral pH. The structure evaluations are based on H and C NMR data as well as information obtained from coupling constants. The fluorescence spectra of both complexes were measured and discussed. MALDI TOF-MS experiments showed competitive formation of 1∶2 (boronic acid∶glucose) complexes under conditions of physiological glucose levels."}