{{Cite web |date=2019-03-06 |title=angstrom {{!}} Definition of angstrom in English by Oxford Dictionaries |url=https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/angstrom |access-date=2024-01-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190306044036/https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/angstrom |archive-date=2019-03-06 }} {{Cite web |title=Definition of ANGSTROM |url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/angstrom |access-date=2024-01-30 |website=www.merriam-webster.com |language=en}} {{cite web |title=Angstrom |url=https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/angstrom |website=[[Collins English Dictionary]] |access-date=2019-03-02}} {{citation |last=Wells |first=John C. |year=2008 |title=Longman Pronunciation Dictionary |edition=3rd |publisher=Longman |isbn=9781405881180}} {{citation |last=Roach |first=Peter |year=2011 |title=Cambridge English Pronouncing Dictionary |edition=18th |place=Cambridge |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=9780521152532 }} {{Cite book |url=http://archive.org/details/oxforddictionary0000unse_a2v4 |title=Oxford dictionary of English |date=2010 |location=Oxford [England]; New York |publisher=Oxford University Press |archive-url=https://archive.org/details/oxforddictionary0000unse_a2v4/page/60/mode/2up?q=angstrom&view=theater|archive-date=May 3, 2023|page=61|isbn=978-0-19-957112-3}} {{GoldBookRef|title=Ångström|file=N00350}} Entry "angstrom" in the Oxford English Dictionary, 2nd edition (1986). Retrieved on 2021-11-22 from https://www.oed.com/oed2/00008552 {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211122223411/https://www.oed.com/oed2/00008552 |date=2021-11-22 }}. Arturas Vailionis (2015): "[https://web.stanford.edu/group/glam/xlab/MatSci162_172/LectureNotes/02_Geometry,%20RecLattice.pdf Geometry of Crystals]" Lecture slides for MatSci162_172, Geometry; Stanford University. [https://web.archive.org/web/20150319042436/https://web.stanford.edu/group/glam/xlab/MatSci162_172/LectureNotes/02_Geometry,%20RecLattice.pdf archived on 2015-03-19] {{cite web |title=ICSD |url=http://www.fiz-karlsruhe.de/icsd_web.html |access-date=2015-01-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140730171438/http://www.fiz-karlsruhe.de/icsd_web.html |archive-date=2014-07-30 |url-status=dead }} Bureau international des poids et measures (2019): [https://www.bipm.org/documents/20126/41483022/SI-Brochure-9.pdf/fcf090b2-04e6-88cc-1149-c3e029ad8232 Le système international d'unités], complete brochure, 9th edition. NIST (2019): ''[https://www.nist.gov/pml/special-publication-330 Special Publication 330: The International System of Units (SI) 2019 Edition]''. {{SIBrochure8th |page=127}} Ambler Thompson and Barry N. Taylor (2009): "[https://www.nist.gov/physical-measurement-laboratory/nist-guide-si-appendix-b8 B.8 Factors for Units Listed Alphabetically]". ''NIST Guide to the SI'', National Institutes of Standards and Technology. Accessed on 2019-03-02 ''Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language''. Portland House, 1989 {{cite book |last1=Ångström |first1=A.J. |title=Recherches sur le spectre solaire |trans-title=Investigations of the solar spectrum |date=1868 |publisher=W. Schultz |location=Uppsala, Sweden |url=https://archive.org/details/recherchessurle00nggoog/page/n3 |language=fr}} The 1869 edition (printed by Ferdinand Dümmler in Berlin) contains [https://books.google.com/books?id=JDtTWs0zJDEC&pg=PT3 sketches of the solar spectrum.] {{cite web |title=A Brief (Incomplete) History of Light and Spectra |url=http://www.chemteam.info/Electrons/Spectrum-History2.html |publisher=ChemTeam }} {{cite book |last=Brand |first=John C. D. |title=Lines of Light: Sources of Dispersive Spectroscopy, 1800-1930 |date=1995 |publisher=CRC Press |isbn=9782884491631 |page=47 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sKx0IBC22p4C&q=meter+bar+angstrom&pg=PA47 }} {{cite journal |last1=Michelson |first1=Albert A. |translator-last=Benoît |translator-first=Jean-René |title=Détermination expérimentale de la valeur du mètre en longueurs d'ondes lumineuses |journal=Travaux et Mémoires du Bureau International des Poids et Mesures |date=1895 |volume=11 |pages=1–85 |url=https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=hvd.hxh7er;view=1up;seq=17 |trans-title=Experimental determination of the value of the meter in terms of the lengths of light waves |language=fr}} From p. 85, translated: "... the final conclusion of this work is that the fundamental unit of the metric system is represented by the following numbers of wavelengths of three emissions of cadmium, in air at 15 °C and at a pressure of 760 mm: Red emission … 1 m = {{gaps|1|553|163,5|''λ''R}} ... It follows that the wavelengths of these emissions, always at 15 °C and at 760 mm, are (averages of three determinations): ''λ''R = {{gaps|0,643|847|22|μ}}" (where [1 μ = {{val|1|e=-6|u=m}}]" Benoît, Jean-René; [[Charles Fabry|Fabry, Charles]]; and [[Alfred Pérot|Pérot, Alfred]]; « Nouvelle Détermination du mètre en longueurs d'ondes lumineuses » ["A New Determination of the Metre in Terms of the Wave-length of Light"], ''Comptes rendus hebdomadaires des séances de l'Académie des sciences'', vol. 144, 21 May 1907, p. 1082-1086 {{Citation |title=Comptes rendus de la 7{{sup|e}} réunion de la Conférence générale des poids et mesures |language=fr |trans-title=Proceedings of the 7{{sup|th}} meeting of the General conference of weights and measures |year=1927 |place=Paris |publisher=Bureau International des Poids et Mesures |url=https://www.bipm.org/utils/common/pdf/CGPM/CGPM7.pdf#page=87&zoom=auto,-18,777 |pages=85–88|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181118214334/https://www.bipm.org/utils/common/pdf/CGPM/CGPM7.pdf#page=87&zoom=auto,-18,777 |archive-date=2018-11-18 }} {{cite web |url=http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CONSLEG:1980L0181:20090527:EN:PDF |author=The Council of the European Communities |title=Council Directive 80/181/EEC of 20 December 1979 on the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to Unit of measurement and on the repeal of Directive 71/354/EEC |date=27 May 2009 |access-date=2011-09-23 }} {{cite web|url=https://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Value?angstar|date=2022-02-06|title=CODATA Value: Angstrom star}} {{cite report |last1=Curtis |first1=I.|last2=Morgan|first2=I. |last3=Hart |first3=M.|last4=Milne|first4=A.D.|date=August 1971 |editor1-last=Langenberg|editor1-first=D. N.|editor2-last=Taylor|editor2-first=B.N.|title=Proceedings of the International Congress on Precision Measurement and Fundamental Constants |chapter=A New Determination of Avogadro's Number |publisher= National Bureau of Standards |page= 285|volume=343}} [https://www.unicode.org/versions/Unicode14.0.0/UnicodeStandard-14.0.pdf The Unicode Standard 14], Chapter 22.2 ''Letterlike Symbols'', p. 839 The Unicode Consortium (2008): ''[https://www.unicode.org/versions/Unicode5.0.0/ The Unicode Standard, Version 5.0]'' Chapter "[https://www.unicode.org/versions/Unicode5.0.0/ch15.pdf Symbols]". {{isbn|978-0-321-48091-0}} {{cite journal |last1=Bragg |first1=William H. |author-link1=William H. Bragg |title=The Crystal Structure of Ice |journal=Proceedings of the Physical Society of London |date=1921 |volume=34 |issue=1 |page=98 |url=http://stacks.iop.org/1478-7814/34/i=1/a=322 |bibcode=1921PPSL...34...98B |doi=10.1088/1478-7814/34/1/322 }} {{cite conference |title=On the re-definition of the astronomical unit of length |id=Resolution B2 |conference=XXVIII General Assembly of International Astronomical Union |publisher=International Astronomical Union |place=Beijing, China |date=31 August 2012 | url = http://www.iau.org/static/resolutions/IAU2012_English.pdf |quote=... recommends ... 5. that the unique symbol "au" be used for the astronomical unit.}} {{cite web | url=http://www.oxfordjournals.org/our_journals/mnras/for_authors/#6.4%20Miscellaneous%20journal%20style | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121022064348/http://www.oxfordjournals.org/our_journals/mnras/for_authors/#6.4%20Miscellaneous%20journal%20style | url-status=dead | archive-date=22 October 2012 | title=Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society: Instructions for Authors | website=Oxford Journals | access-date=20 March 2015 | quote=The units of length/distance are Å, nm, μm, mm, cm, m, km, au, light-year, pc.}} {{cite web | url=http://aas.org/authors/manuscript-preparation-aj-apj-author-instructions#_Toc2.2 | title=Manuscript Preparation: AJ & ApJ Author Instructions | website=American Astronomical Society | access-date=29 October 2016 | quote=Use standard abbreviations for ... natural units (e.g., au, pc, cm). | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160221121728/http://aas.org/authors/manuscript-preparation-aj-apj-author-instructions#_Toc2.2 | archive-date=21 February 2016 | url-status=dead }} J. A. Bearden. "Selection of the W Kα₁ as the X-Ray Wavelength Standard". ''Physical Review'' 2nd series, volume 137, no. 2B, pages 455B – B461 (1965). {{citation |last=Roach |first=Peter |year=2011 |title=Cambridge English Pronouncing Dictionary |edition=18th |place=Cambridge |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=9780521152532 }} {{Cite book |url=http://archive.org/details/oxforddictionary0000unse_a2v4 |title=Oxford dictionary of English |date=2010 |location=Oxford [England]; New York |publisher=Oxford University Press |archive-url=https://archive.org/details/oxforddictionary0000unse_a2v4/page/60/mode/2up?q=angstrom&view=theater|archive-date=May 3, 2023|page=61|isbn=978-0-19-957112-3}} {{GoldBookRef|title=Ångström|file=N00350}} {{cite web |title=ICSD |url=http://www.fiz-karlsruhe.de/icsd_web.html |access-date=2015-01-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140730171438/http://www.fiz-karlsruhe.de/icsd_web.html |archive-date=2014-07-30 |url-status=dead }} {{cite book |last1=Ångström |first1=A.J. |title=Recherches sur le spectre solaire |trans-title=Investigations of the solar spectrum |date=1868 |publisher=W. Schultz |location=Uppsala, Sweden |url=https://archive.org/details/recherchessurle00nggoog/page/n3 |language=fr}} The 1869 edition (printed by Ferdinand Dümmler in Berlin) contains [https://books.google.com/books?id=JDtTWs0zJDEC&pg=PT3 sketches of the solar spectrum.] {{cite web |title=A Brief (Incomplete) History of Light and Spectra |url=http://www.chemteam.info/Electrons/Spectrum-History2.html |publisher=ChemTeam }} {{cite book |last=Brand |first=John C. D. |title=Lines of Light: Sources of Dispersive Spectroscopy, 1800-1930 |date=1995 |publisher=CRC Press |isbn=9782884491631 |page=47 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sKx0IBC22p4C&q=meter+bar+angstrom&pg=PA47 }} {{cite journal |last1=Michelson |first1=Albert A. |translator-last=Benoît |translator-first=Jean-René |title=Détermination expérimentale de la valeur du mètre en longueurs d'ondes lumineuses |journal=Travaux et Mémoires du Bureau International des Poids et Mesures |date=1895 |volume=11 |pages=1–85 |url=https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=hvd.hxh7er;view=1up;seq=17 |trans-title=Experimental determination of the value of the meter in terms of the lengths of light waves |language=fr}} From p. 85, translated: "... the final conclusion of this work is that the fundamental unit of the metric system is represented by the following numbers of wavelengths of three emissions of cadmium, in air at 15 °C and at a pressure of 760 mm: Red emission … 1 m = {{gaps|1|553|163,5|''λ''R}} ... It follows that the wavelengths of these emissions, always at 15 °C and at 760 mm, are (averages of three determinations): ''λ''R = {{gaps|0,643|847|22|μ}}" (where [1 μ = {{val|1|e=-6|u=m}}]" Benoît, Jean-René; [[Charles Fabry|Fabry, Charles]]; and [[Alfred Pérot|Pérot, Alfred]]; « Nouvelle Détermination du mètre en longueurs d'ondes lumineuses » ["A New Determination of the Metre in Terms of the Wave-length of Light"], ''Comptes rendus hebdomadaires des séances de l'Académie des sciences'', vol. 144, 21 May 1907, p. 1082-1086 {{Citation |title=Comptes rendus de la 7{{sup|e}} réunion de la Conférence générale des poids et mesures |language=fr |trans-title=Proceedings of the 7{{sup|th}} meeting of the General conference of weights and measures |year=1927 |place=Paris |publisher=Bureau International des Poids et Mesures |url=https://www.bipm.org/utils/common/pdf/CGPM/CGPM7.pdf#page=87&zoom=auto,-18,777 |pages=85–88|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181118214334/https://www.bipm.org/utils/common/pdf/CGPM/CGPM7.pdf#page=87&zoom=auto,-18,777 |archive-date=2018-11-18 }} {{cite web |url=http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CONSLEG:1980L0181:20090527:EN:PDF |author=The Council of the European Communities |title=Council Directive 80/181/EEC of 20 December 1979 on the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to Unit of measurement and on the repeal of Directive 71/354/EEC |date=27 May 2009 |access-date=2011-09-23 }} {{cite web|url=https://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Value?angstar|date=2022-02-06|title=CODATA Value: Angstrom star}} {{cite report |last1=Curtis |first1=I.|last2=Morgan|first2=I. |last3=Hart |first3=M.|last4=Milne|first4=A.D.|date=August 1971 |editor1-last=Langenberg|editor1-first=D. N.|editor2-last=Taylor|editor2-first=B.N.|title=Proceedings of the International Congress on Precision Measurement and Fundamental Constants |chapter=A New Determination of Avogadro's Number |publisher= National Bureau of Standards |page= 285|volume=343}} {{cite journal |last1=Bragg |first1=William H. |author-link1=William H. Bragg |title=The Crystal Structure of Ice |journal=Proceedings of the Physical Society of London |date=1921 |volume=34 |issue=1 |page=98 |url=http://stacks.iop.org/1478-7814/34/i=1/a=322 |bibcode=1921PPSL...34...98B |doi=10.1088/1478-7814/34/1/322 }}