# Last edited on 2026-01-03 20:40:43 by stolfi # -*- coding: iso-latin-1 -*- # Verbal description of page f67r2 # LAST REVISED: 2025-10-05 IDENTIFICATION * Nickname: "The seven planets" * Page: f67r2 = IB/n121 (Rene) = p120 (Stolfi) = 124 * Folio: f67 * Panels: f67r2 * Bifolio: bI1 = f67+f68 * Quire: I (Rene) = IX (Beinecke) ATTRIBUTES * Language: ? (Currier) * Hand: ? (Currier) * Subsets: A (Rene), cos (Stolfi) * Subject: astronomical * FirstWord: @'yk{Ch}y' DESCRIPTION Page shape and state: Page f67r2 is the outermost recto panel of a fold-out folio with two panels on each side. The W edge of the panel is a ridge fold, and the E edge is the free edge of the folio. On the BL2014 images, the panel is ~3590 (~235 mm) pixels tall and ~2360 pixels (~154 mm) wide in the middle. The panel is actually wider (~161 mm), because a thin strip of parch along the E edge was folded over during imaging, as seen on the image of f67v2. On the image of f67r2, the folding also causes the panel to seem a bit narrower at the top and bottom. A roughly rectangular piece of parch, ~20 mm wide and ~4 mm tall, is missing at the NE corner of the panel. Page layout: Page f67r2 contains a circular diagram above three lines of text. The diagram is defined by seven mechanical circles, C1 to C7 from outside in. The top of the diagram is ~9 mm below the top edge of the panel. The space between circles C1 and C2 is a decorative frame. Between C2 and C3 there is a ring of text in red ink. The space between C3 and C4 (~2.5 mm) is blank. The space between C4 and C5 is divided into 12 sectors, spanned by three rings of text, one ring of labels, and one ring of small circles with faces and crescent outlines, like small moons. Between C5 and C6 there is a ring of labels. The band between C6 and C7 (~1.5 mm) is blank. Inside C7 there is another ring of lables, and large star with 8 arms against a background of two frilled circles. All the text inside the diagram is oriented with the baseline in the tangential direction and reads clockwise. These components are described in detail below. CIRCLES: In general the circles are very thin. Some parts are traced in ink ~0.25 mm wide, either continuous or as random dots and dashes, as if the pen was running out of ink. Large parts are either "dry traces" -- very thin (~0.15 mm), sharp, ink-free lines -- or faint fuzzy lines as if they were originally inked but have since faded. Some of the circles fail to close and/or have doubly traced parts. Some were drawn in two or more separate arcs. Such defects are visible, for instance, at 04:40, 05:00, and 07:30 on C3; and at 09:30, 11:30 on C4. All the circles are basically concentric, with center at a point CTR with coordinates [3673,1491] on the BL2014 image ~(0.49,0.38) WE-NS relative to the panel). There is no clear pinprick there, but there is a darker fuzzy dot that could be it. * Circle C1 has radius ~78 mm centered at [3669,1491]. It has some ink in random dots and dashes between ~05:00 and ~08:00, including a few short sections hand-traced; and also between ~10:30 and ~12:30. Between 01:00 and 02:30, and at ~05:00, circle C1 deviates outwards from the ideal by up to ~0.5 mm. At ~08:30 and ~09:30 it hits the panel's W edge and is not visible beyond it. At ~02:30 and ~03:30 it hits the panel's E edge and is not visible on the BL2014 image because of the folded parch. Also between ~01:00 and ~02:30, there is a second trace, ~0.7 mm away further out from the main trace. * Circle C2 has radius ~76 mm It deviates very little from the ideal. It has short arcs restored by hand at ~08:00 (~6 mm) and at ~02:00, the latter deviating outwards from the ideal circle by ~0.8 mm in ~4.9 mm. * Circle C3 has radius ~68 mm. It deviates outwards from ideal between ~03:30 and ~04:30 (where it has two ends that miss each other) and between ~05:00 and ~06:00 (in which interval it has a second trace, ~1 mm outwards from the main one), and between ~08:30 and ~09:00. It is inked continuously between ~04:30 and ~05:00 and between ~10:00 and ~11:00, haltingly between ~05:00 and ~06:00, and at ~08:30 where it has two ends that miss each other. * Circle C4 has radius ~66 mm. It gradually deviates outwards from ideal between ~02:30 CCW to ~11:30, where its two ends miss each other by ~1 mm. The arc from ~09:00 to ~10:00 is displaced out by ~0.5 mm, and runs paraller to the main trace at both ends for ~5 mm. It is motly inked with a few interruptions, including around ~10:30, ~01:00, ~02:00, ~03:00, ~04:00, ~06:00, ~07:30, and ~08:00 to ~09:00. * Circle C5 has radius ~33 mm. It deviates from ideal only slightly, outwards by ~0.3 mm at ~01:00 and ~05:00. It is inked only in two short section: ~4 mm at ~05:00 and ~2 mm at ~07:30 (by hand). * Circle C6 has radius ~25 mm. It is fairly precise, and all in fine "dry" trace. It deviates slightly from ideal, outwards by ~0.4 mm, at ~05:00. * Circle C7 has radius ~24 mm. It is all in fine "dry" trace, mostly precise, except between ~09:00 and ~11:00 where the CW end deviates inwards by ~0.38 mm and the CCW end deviates outwards by the same amount, so that the two ends (at ~10:00) don't meet. OUTER FRAME: The diagram of f67r2 has a decoorative frame that fills the ~2.5 mm wide band between circles C1 and C2. That space is filled with ~50 decorative patterns. Each pattern is an arc of that band, ~6-8 mm long. To specify the patterns we need some terms. Let Cm be the virtual circle halfway between C1 and C2, the /sides/ and /axis/ are the arcs of C1, C2, and Cm spanned by the element, and the /ends/ are the ideal radial lines from C1 to C2 that delimit the element. A /hair/ is a stroke ~1.2-1.7 mm mm long projecting into the element radially, from a side, or along the midline, from an end. A /dent/ is similar to a radial hair but it is tilted 45°, towards the CCW end of the element. A /tongue/ is similar but it is a U-stroke ~1.2-1.7 mm long and ~1 mm wide with both ends attached to the border. Elements then will be denoted by the code "{LE}{NE}{LS}{NS}" where {LE} and {LS} are letters -- 'H' for hair, 'D' for dent, and 'T' for tongue -- that indicates the type of detail applied to the ends and sides of the element, respectively; and {NE} and {NS} are the counts of such details -- 2, or 'N' for more than 2. When there is no detail on the ends or sides, the letter and count are replaced by '--'. Thus 'h2--' With a hair along the axis at each end. 't2--' Like h2-- but with a tongue at each end, instead of a hair. '--hN' With 4-10 radial hairs on each side. '--dN' With 4-10 diagonal hairs on each side, drifting CCW as they move in. '--tN' With 4-10 tongues on each side. 'h2h2' With a hair at each end and one the middle of each side. 't2t2' With a tongue at each end and one the middle of each side. 't2tN' like '--tN' but with also one tongue at each end. Etc. In particular, element 't2t2' is an "upright notched square" like those used on several other pages. These elements are delimited and separated by /straps/ consisting of 3-5 radial lines that cut across the band. The frame has about 50 elements. The exact number is uncertain because the frame is obscured and eventually interrupted by the fold at the W edge of the panel. SECTORS: The ~33 mm wide band between circles C4 and C5 of f67r2 is divided by mechanical radial lines into 12 sectors, S1-S12 counting CW from ~09:30. Four of these lines (CW of sectors S12, S1, S5, and S6) are fully inked with nib width ~0.4 mm. Several other lines start with ~0.3 mm ink traces at C5 but end "dry" or faded and fuzzy, implying that they were traced in the outward direction. Some of these lines start slightly inside C5, by up to ~0.6 mm. They generally end precisely on C4 or (in one or two cases) slightly inwards of it). These lines are not equally spaced by any measure. None of these lines are collinear with the center CTR of the circles. All are tilted away from the true radial direction (in the CW sense, except for the CW sides of S4 and S5, which are tilted slightly CCW), and miss CTR by various distances, up to ~8 mm. The CW sides of S12 and S6 are almost precisely horizontal. Those of S3 and S9, which should be vertical, are tilted CW by ~6° and ~4°, respectively. Lines that should ideally be collinear (like the CW sides of S1 and S7, S2 and S8, etc.) miss each other near CTR by up to ~12 mm. Even though the radial sector boundary lines extend only between circles C4 and C5, the text rings between C2 and C3 and between C5 and C6 seem to be divided into 12 sections, roughly aligned with the sectors. OUTER LABELS: The text ring of f67r2 in the ~8 mm wide band between circles C2 and C3, in red ink, is divided into 12 short phrases by gaps several times wider than normal word spaces. These gaps are almost but not quite aligned with the radial sector boundary lines, but the phrases are clearly associated with the sectors, and will be labeled here T1-T12 matching the sector numbers. SECTOR PARAGS: In the outer part of each sector there are from 2 (in S1 and S5-S8) to 4 (in S12) short lines, formatted like a parag -- namely, with the last line sometimes spanning less than the available space, and "left-justified". We will refer to these parags as P1 to P2, matching the sector names. The left and right rails of each of these parags are roughly radial, from ~1.5 mm to ~6 mm away from the radial lines bounding the sector. In some sectors the baselines are slightly curved, parallel to circle C4, but in other sectors they are more or less straight, perpendicular to the sector's middle radius. The outermost baseline may be from ~5 mm to ~8 mm away from C4. The innermost baseline may be up to ~20 mm from C4, ~0.45 of the way from C5 to C5. MOONS: Within each sector of f67r2 there is a "moon", a small hand-drawn sphere with diam between 4.5 and 6 mm, tangent to circle C5 and on the approx mid-radius of the sector. Each "moon" is divided into two halves by a crescent line. Half of each sphere is a face in 3/4 view, as if rotated 45° about its vert axis (radial relative to the diagram), looking halway between the reader and the CW direction. The other half of the sphere is drawn as a solid crescent, like the proper shadow of a sphere in persp view. All moons have precisely the same phase. TOP MOON LABELS: In seven of the sectors, there is a separate "label" line below the sector's parag and with a significantly baseline spacing from its last line. These "moon labels" will be designated M1 to M2, matching the sector names. However, five of these labels (M2, M4, M9, M10, and M12) are missing. Each label is roughly centered between the CW and CCW borders of the sector. BOTTOM MOON LABELS: In the ~8 mm wide band between circles C5 and C6 of f67r2 there is a ring of text with extra-wide word spaces that divide it into 12 words or phrases, roughly aligned with the sectors between C4 and C5. These labels are here denoted N1 to N12, matching the sector names. The baselines of these labels are curved and roughly parallel to circle C5, between ~3.5 mm (N8) and ~4.5 mm (N3) inwards from it. More preciely, they lie approximately on a virtual (unmarked) ellipse ~58 mm tall and ~57 mm wide, centered ~1.6 mm SE of CTR; except that the baselines of labels N1, N2, and N4 are displaced outwards from this ellipse by ~0.9 mm. CENTRAL STAR: At the center of the f67r2 diagram, inside circle C7, there is a large hand-drawn star with 8 mostly straight rays. The tips of most rays lie on a virtual circle E1 with radius ~13 mm and center at CTR, except the rays at ~10:00 and ~05:00 which overshoot that circle by ~1.5 mm. The rays will be referred to as R1 to R8, in CW order, starting with the ray at ~08:00. The notches between consecutive rays lie on a virtual circle E2 of radius ~4 mm also centered at CTR. A radial stroke ~2.5 mm long, in dark ink, projects into circle E2 from each notch. Each ray is roughly triangular, except R6 which has constant width for the first 2/3 of its length, before tapering to a pont. The widths of the rays at the base, on circle E2, vary from ~2.2 mm (R3) to ~4 mm (R7). The midlines of the rays are not precisely collinear with the center CTR, missing it by up to ~2 mm. Along the midline of each ray there is a row of 5-8 dots in dark ink, that extends from the tip to up to ~2 mm into circle E2. From the tip of ray R1 there is a line of 8 dots in dark ink that reaches out to circle C7. The line is tilted ~20° CW from the midline of ray R1, and ~8° from the ideal radial direction. CENTRAL ROSETTES: Behind the big star of f67r2 there are two hand-drawn roughly concentric rosettes, F1 and F2 from outside in. They are roughly elliptical, with the long axis orented NW-SE. Their center lies ~1.5 mm NW of CTR. The two rosettes together looks like a sliced orange. Rosette F1 is ~20 mm long and ~17 mm wide. Its outline is a series of convex semicircular scallops, each ~1-1.3 mm wide. There are 4 scallops between R4 and R5, and between R6 and R7; and 5 scallops between the other pairs of consecutive rays. Rosette F2 is ~16 mm long and ~13 mm wide. Its outline too consists of semicircular convex scallops, but larger than those of F1: ~1.5-2 mm wide. Between each pair of consecutive rays there are exactly two scallops; with the sides of the rays, these delimit a valentine (heart) shape, ~3.5 mm tall and ~3 mm wide. There are between 2 and 4 dark ink dots inside each of these hearts. STAR LABELS: In the space between circle C7 of f67r2 and the virtual circumcircle E1 of the big star there is a ring of 8 words or short phrases, separated by gaps wider than normal inter-word spaces. The dotted line from ray R1 passes between one of these gaps. These /star labels/ appear to be attached to the gaps between consecutive rays. They will be numbered G1 to G8, and assumed to be asscociated, respectively, with the gaps from R1-R2, R2-R3, ... R7-R8, and R8-R1. However, the alignment between labels and ray gaps is quite broken. Label G2 is ~20° CW of its ideal position between R2-R3, G3 is mostly aligned with R4-R5, G4 is aligned with R5-R6. Labels G5 and G6 begin to recover the correct alignment, but G7 is still mostly aligned with R7-R8, which it shares with G8. Each of these labels has a straight baseline whose midpoint lies ~7-8 mm inwards from circle C7. There is a definite change in direction between the baselines of successive labels. The baselines of G7 and G8 look collinear but are actually ~20° apart. TEXT BELOW DIAGRAM: Below the diagram of f67r2 there are three lines of text, here named Q1-Q3 (lines 72-74 in the IVT transcription). The middle line Q2 is inked in red. Those lines are framed by four straight horz mechanical lines H1-H4, at ~1 mm, ~6 mm, ~13 mm, and ~18 mm below the bottom of the diagram. Lines H1 and H4 are at ~0.74 and ~0.81 NS. Line H3 is inked (nib width ~0.35 mm), the other three lines are dry. However they are not equidistant, nor precisely parallel: the spacings, from top to bottom, are ~5 mm, ~8 mm, and ~6 mm at ~1/4 of the way from the left margin, and ~4.5 mm, ~7 mm, and ~5 mm at ~3/4 of the way. The baselines of Q1-Q3 lie respectively ~3 mm, ~3.7 mm, and ~3.3 mm below lines H1-H3. Some plumes and gallows in each line Q1-Q3 touch or cross the line above, and some tails touch or cross the line below.. TABLE OF SECTORS: The following table summarizes the properies of the 12 sectors of the f67r2 diagram, and the parags and labels threin. The columns are: {midpos}: Approx direction of the radial midline of the sector. {ndec: Approx number of decorative elements in the frame that are spanned by the sector; {oai} and {iai}: Points on C4 and C5, respectively, where the sector starts, as degrees CW from the W direction. {aw}: Approx angular width of the sector, in degrees, midway between the two circles. {npl}: Fractional number of lines in the sector's parag. {rad}: Approx moon's radius (mm). {Tn}, {Pn}, {Mn}, {Nn}: IVT line numbers of sector titles T1-T12, parags P1-P12, top moon labels M1-M12, bottom moon labels N1-N12. {framedeco} The decorative elements in the part of the frame spanned by the sector. sec midpos ndec oai iai aw npl rad Tn Pn Mn Nn framedeco --- ------ ---- --- --- -- --- --- -- ----- -- -- ------------------------ S1 ~09:30 4.5? 0 0 33 2.0 2.2 1 13-14 15 52 ???? ???? h2-- t2t2 h2-- S2 ~10:30 5.0 31 34 35 3.0 2.5 2 16-18 -- 53 --dN h2-- t2t2 --tN h2-- S3 ~11:45 3.8 67 68 29 3.0 2.4 3 19-21 22 54 --hN h2-- h2-- --dN S4 ~00:45 4.2 96 96 33 2.5 2.5 4 23-25 -- 55 h2-- t2t2 h2-- --dN S5 ~01:30 3.6 129 129 32 2.0 2.4 5 26-27 28 56 h2-- --tN t2t2 --dN S6 ~02:45 3.0 158 163 21 2.0 2.4 6 29-30 31 57 t2t2 h2-- t2tN S7 ~03:30 5.3 181 182 40 1.9 3.2 7 32-33 34 58 h2h2 h2-- --hN h2-- h2h2 S8 ~04:45 3.7 220 222 30 2.0 2.4 8 35-36 37 59 h2h2 --hN h2-- h2hN S9 ~05:45 4.3 248 254 26 3.0 2.5 9 38-40 -- 60 h2-- --hN h2-- t2-- S10 ~06:30 5.2 276 278 31 3.0 2.9 10 41-43 -- 61 t2t2 t2-- t2t2 t2-- t2t2 S11 ~07:30 4.8 308 309 31 2.9 2.7 11 44-46 47 62 h2-- h2h2 h2-- --hN h2-- S12 ~08:45 3.5? 338 341 20 3.8 2.5 12 48-51 -- 63 --tN ???? ???? Figure drafting: The only freehand figures are the moons, the big star, and the central rosette. The moons look mostly OK for half-illuminated spheres in perspective. The faces on the moons have a neutral expression, with two dots for eyes, a dash for mouth (short, horz, straight or slightly downturned), and S-shaped nose and left eyebrow line, and separate right eyebrow. The larger moons have slightly more elaborate eyes. Voynichese handwriting: The writing on page f67r2, both in the diagram and in the lines below it, is clumsy and uneven. This is especially true of the red text. How much of these defects are due to restoring is impossible to say. The red ink is cracked and flaked off near the panel edges, presumably because of the bending of the vellum. The o-height is ~1.3 mm-~1.6 mm. Broadstrokes are mainly ~0.6 mm wide on the brown text, ~0.7 mm wide on the red text. Quillos, malformed glyphs, and weird glyphs: Here are some of the glyphs that are less than ideal and may have been mangled by the Scribe or a Restorer: * Line 1, @'r,aram': the first glyph has short reverse-@i body, may be @s. * Line 2, @'ses': there is a brown ink dot above the @'ee', tip of very very faint @s-plume. * Ibidem: the first @e has a thick lig at bottom to next @e. * Line 3, first word: all three glyphs malformed, original glyphs unknown. Some read @'soy'. * Line 4, after @'{Sh}ek{Ch}y': there is a brown ink dot at o-height, next to the @y. * Line 4, @'sykos': the @s is blotted and has an extra vert stroke, looks like a "P". * Ibidem: the final @s is blotted, some read @r. * Line 6, @'dchetdy': the @d does not close and ends vertly, like &229. * Line 7, @'yk{Ch}yk{Ch}ey': the final @'ey' could be @'dy'. * Line 10, @'lk{Sh}y': the initial @l could be @y, misread by restorer. * Line 11, @'{Ch}yk{C&223}r'; the &223 is a vert @i stroke ligated to the @C. * Line 11, @'{Ch}y': the @h is damaged, could be another &223. * Line 12, @'yk{Ch}s': the @{Ch} is damaged, could be @ee. * Line 12, @'yk{Ch}os': the plume of the @s has a spurious dot; ink splatter? * Line 13, @'ain': the @i is malformed, with a spurious "cedilla" underneath. * Line 15, @'dal{Ch}sody': the @a looks like an @y wo the tail. * Ibidem: the plume of the @s is weird. * Line 16, @'toes': the @e is malformed and small. * Line 17, @'raiir': the @a looks like an @y wo the tail; some read @o. * Ibidem: the final @r is ambiguous, could be @s. * Line 18, @'qofchy': final @y is malformed. * Line 18, @'dal': the @a is wide open at bottom. * Line 19, @'amy': the @m has a truncated tail. * Ibidem: the last word is squished against the CW sector border, so it could be @'am,y'. * Line 20, @'{Ch}o{CFh}y': the final @y is missing most of the head. * Line 21, @'sain': the @s may be @r. * Line 23, @'o&246or{Ch}y': the gallows hook is big and on the baseline before the @o. * Ibidem: the @h in the @{Ch} is malformed, like a reverse @i. * Line 24, @'ar': the @a may have been an @o. * Line 32, @'ais': the @s may be @r. * Line 35, @'{Ch}ol': there may be a very very faint plume on @{Ch}, could be @{Sh}. * Line 35, @'diin': @d open at bottom, may have been @'sain' mangled by Restorer. * Linr 35, @'okol': @o may be @y with a very very faint tail. * Line 38, @'otoldos': the @o has a tiny stub of tail, may be @y. * Line 38, @'o{CTh}oly': the @T may be a @K. * Ibidem: the final @y is an @e but a smudge may be the tail. * Line 40, @'oiin': the @o may well be @a. * Line 40, @'ag': the @a may well be @y. * Ibidem: the final @g may be something else. * Line 42, @'o{CKh}y': the @C ligates from mid-height and looks like @o. * Line 43, @'qrm': the @q may be @y. * Ibidem: the last glyph is past the rail and squished onto the sector edge; may be something else. * Line 44, @'ozydy' or @'ofydy': the gallows has a very very faint hook on baseline before the @o. * Line 44, @'{Sh}eody': the plume of the @{Sh} is very very faint. * Line 45, @'y{Ch}eody': the @'{Ch}e' has faint lig, may be @'{CHh}' or @'e{Ch}'. * LIne 45, @'es': the @e strokes are small and the @s-plume is huge. * Line 46, @'ykees': the final @s has tiny @e stroke, a lig, then a huge plume. * Line 49, @'os{Ch}oer': the @r@ may be @s. * Line 50, @'{Ch}oeey': the @'ee' is tiny and could be @{Ch} too. * Ibidem: the @y has only a tiny stub of tail. * Line 51, @'dadain': the last @n is obliterated by the stain and may be @'in' or something else. * Line 56, @'tol,daiin': the @t is malformed, with crooked leg and big foot; may be @'te'. * Line 58, @'{Ch}odalg': the @{Ch} has a very small @C. * Line 66, @'sorar': the first @r has a very very faint plume; some read it as @e. * Line 67, @'okoda': the loop of @k overshoots the left leg a little, some read @t. * Ibidem: the final @s may be @r. * Line 68, @'oep{Ch}od': the @e is small and glued to the @p. * Line 69, @'s.a{ITHh}y': the @s may belong to the previous label, line 68. * Ibidem: the @I may well be malformed @C. * Line 72, @'{QKo}y': the legs of the @k stop at the platf slash that ligates @q with @o. * Line 72, @'ykoaiin': the feet of the @k are garbled as if the @k was originally @'ee'. * Line 73, @'qeykeey': the first @e is tiny and angular, maybe lig from @q to @y ay midline. * Line 73, @'oaiin': the @o is a blot, but other readings are unlikely. * Line 73, @'okal': the @a could be @y that lost the tail. * Line 74, @'qo{CKh}y': the platf slash is on the midline. The 15 most common words on page: # 5.5 aiin # 3.25 y # 2 ol # 5.25 s # 3 am # 2 r # 5 ar # 2 air # 2 yk{Ch}ey # 4.5 daiin # 2 odaiiin # 2 {Ch}os # 3.5 dy # 2 okar # 1.75 sain LATER INTERVENTIONS Stains and wear: There are few ??? There is a large "goulash" stain, roughly round, ~10 mm wide at ~(0.19,0.40) WE-NS. The stain has two components. One, a rusty-orange paste, produced a stain with mottled texture and fractalish edges; it apparently remained still on the surface of the parch. This component contained very thin red flakes. The other component is a fluid that imbibed the parch and diffused along it, producing a tan stain with smooth texture and fuzzy edges. A smaller irregular stain (~6 mm tall and ~1.5 mm wide), possibly of the same "goulash" material, is near the E edge of the panel, at ~(0.94,0.16) WE-NS. An even smaller smudge (~1.5 mm tall and ~1 mm wide) is near the SE corner, at ~(0.92,0.85) WE-NS. A tiny reddish oval spot (~0.7 mm wide and ~0.5 mm tall) is near the SW corner, at ~(0.04,0.87) WE-NS. Not clear whether it is the same "goulash" material or of red ink. Two brown ink dots among the read ink text rung were mentioned above. There are also a few tiny dark spots ~0.42 mm across that could be drops of brown ink. Some of these dots are at WE-NS coordinates ~(0.02,0.17) ~(0.03,0.19) ~(0.04,0.27) ~(0.06,0.51) ~(0.10,0.49) ~(0.11,0.65) There is a tiny pear-shaped green-gray spot, ~0.7 mm tall and ~0.7 mm wide, at ~(0.82,0.02) WE-NS. There is a stain that looks sort of like an hand-written '4' near the NW corner, at ~(0.15,0.08) WE-NS. However it is unlikely to be writing. It could be offset print from some of the gray-blue paint that creates similar greyish outline prints; but there is no page nearby with such paint at the right place. Holes and scrapes: There is noticeable abrasion damage to the writing, especially the red ink, in a strip %250 wide along the W edge ??? There is an area %1oth the W and E edges There is a wormhole %15 tall and %26 wide at (55//2340,2942//3590) WE-NS ??? Backtracing: ??? Restoring: * Text: ??? * Figure: ??? ??? ??? Restoring: * Line 3, @'okar': the horz part of loop between legs is misaligned with the rest of the loop. * Ibidem: loop traced in wrong direction. * Line 4, @'{Sh}ek{Ch}y': plume of @{Sh} seems to have been smeared away when still fresh. * LIne 15, @'dal{Ch}sody': the @'sody' (minus the plume of the @s) is in ??? dark ink. * Line 20, @'{Ch}o{CFh}y': Rt2 missed half the head of the final @y. * Line 22, @'okal': the first @o was restored in dark ink. * Linr 35, @'okol': @o may be @y with a very very faint tail. * Line 38, @'ytoldos': the @y has only a tiny stub of tail. * Line 38, @'o{CTh}oly': Rt2 may have missed the tail of the final @y. * Line 56, @'tol,daiin': the @t was not restored. * Line 61, @'ytokar': the @'yto' is Rt1 and the @'kar' is Rt2 or Rt3. * Line 62, @'otolor': the first @o is Rt3 and rest Rt2? Coloring: * Coloring of the moons may have gone wrong. S6 and S7 were both painted yel which required S8 and S9 to be both painted red. Maybe started from S7 = yel then made the mistake with S9 = red, when got to S6 had to paint yel. Alternatively started with S9 = red, made a mistake at S7 = yel, then S8 had to be red. * Colors: tan,red(some_writing) (Reeds), brick+yellow(moons),red(2nd_text_line) (Rene) ??? Some decorative elements in the frame are grushed yel, some are unpaitned. colors S1:red yel red yel red yel red yel red yel red S12:yel ??? Some "shadows" are painted yellow (yel?), some dark red (apparently the same ink as outermost text ring). ??? ??? The star is fully painted in yel with very thin unpainted margin. Extraneous writing: @??? A faint Western cursive "b" (penciled?) at the NE corner. ??? Next to the top edge of the page, there is a lowercase cursive Roman "b" in gray, possibly pencil [Rene 04 Apr 1999]. ??? At 10:30, a little outside the outermost decorated band, there is a sign that looks like the digit "4". It is probly accidental. INTERPRETATIONS ??? If there are no decorative elements on the frame where it runs into the W fold, then there could be 48 patterns, that is, four per sector. However, because of misalignment and variable sector width, some sectors have only 3 and some have 5. ??? The labels N1 to N12 must be associated with the "moons" sitting on circle C5, just above them. ??? It may be that parags P2-P4 constitute a single paragraph with two lines and half, and ditto for P9-P10. However, given the alignments of the lines with the respective rails, it seems more likely that each of P1-12 is a separate parag, as transcribed in the IVT. The red text was apparently written in the normal brown ink first, but later restored, carefully and thoroughly, with slightly wider strokes of red ink. Some of the original brown is seen in a few points. especially near the fold, where the red ink flaked off. It may have become faint due to poor ink quality or aging. Whoever restored the text in red apparently did not know the alphabet, since he retained and "enhanced" some malformations of the original characters, e. g. in the first word of . It is possible that the text in all the sectors between radial lines 10:00 and 5:00 comprises a single paragraph with three and a half lines. The same can be said of the remaining sectors. It was once suggested that the seven named moons may be the the seven Ptolemaic planets. But that does not make sense since in the 1400s no one thought of planets other than the Moon as spheres. Moreover the Sun does not have a proper shadow, and planets other than Venus and Mercury do not have visible phases as seen from the Earth with nake eye. The only thing that would relate to the seven planets is the number seven. Since line 2 of the paragraph is colored, each line is probly a separate sentence. John Grove claims that the paragraph at bottom is the only text in the MS that has guiding rule lines. The lack of parallelism of those lines do not seem to be explainable by perspective distortion in imaging (which should have been corrected). It is also unlikely to be due to uneven shrinking/stretching of the parch, since the lines are very straight between the measuring points, and only begin to curve a bit near the fold at left and the free edge of the folio at right (where, according to John Grove, the parch was originally curled up). REFERENCES Misc notes: # T1: # T1: # Unit : Outer ring of sector titles, in red. # T1: # No obvious starting place; transcription starts at 08:30. # T1: # T1: # At 08:30. # T1: # Both red and brown inks damaged by folding. The first word is probly @'yk{Ch}s' but may be @'ykees'. # T1: # T1: # T1: # At 09:30. # T1: # T1: # T1: # At 10:30. # T1: # T1: # T1: # At 11:30. # T1: # The glyphs in the first word were highly deformed by the red restoring. # T1: # The circles became filled dots, the plume of the @s starts like a tilde, # T1: # the tail of the @y is detached from the circle. # T1: # The second word may be @'{Sh}r' or @'{Sh}s'. # T1: # T1: # T1: # At 00:30. # T1: # T1: # T1: # At 01:30. # T1: # T1: # T1: # At 02:30. # T1: # The red restoring made the initial glyph unrecognizable, but it must have been a @d. # T1: # T1: # T1: # At 03:30. # T1: # The red restoring made the left side of the last @y angular instead of round, but it must be @y. # T1: # The first gallows is definitely two-legged, but the left loop may have been lost, # T1: # so it just may be a @t not a @k. # T1: # The second gallows is definitely two-legged and wo the platform slash, # T1: # but it is not clear whether it is @t, @k, or something else. # T1: # The restoring also made the final glyph be like a question mark (&385) # T1: # that may have been an @s o r@r. # T1: # T1: # T1: # At 04:30. # T1: # T1: # T1: # At 05:30. # T1: # T1: # T1: # At 06:30. # T1: # The first glyph is misshapen and it is Not clear what it was supposed to be. # T1: # The end of the first word looks like @a in red but a very faint @y-plume # T1: # is visible in brown. So it's @y. # T1: # T1: # T1: # At 07:30. # T1: # The end of the second word could be @r or @s, most likely @s. # T1: # The red restoring made the last bench in the final word is unreadable. # T1: # &C|; = a @c ligd to an upright @i (&223). # T1: # T1: # T1: # Unit : Text lines in sectors with moons. # T1: # It may be that lines 1-11 and 27-32 constitute a single paragraph with # T1: # two lines and half, and ditto for lines 12-26. However, the 08:30 # T1: # sector has four lines, whereas 07:30 has three and 09:30 has two. # T1: # Also, within each sector the baselines are straight, so there is a # T1: # change o baseline direction as we go from one sector to the next. # T1: # Therefore the reading order used below (by sector) is probably the # T1: # correct one. # T1: # T1: # Sector at 08:30, line 1. # T1: # Grove's T1.1. # T1: # T1: # T1: # Sector at 08:30, line 2. # T1: # Grove's T1.2. # T1: # T1: # T1: # Sector at 08:30, line 3. # T1: # Grove's T1.3. # T1: # T1: # T1: # Sector at 08:30, line 4. # T1: # Grove's T1.4. # T1: # Partly obscured by a stain. # T1: # T1: # T1: # Sector at 09:30, line 1. # T1: # Grove's T2.1. # T1: # T1: # T1: # Sector at 09:30, line 2. # T1: # Grove's T2.2. # T1: # T1: # T1: # Sector at 10:30, line 1. # T1: # Grove's T3.1. # T1: # T1: # T1: # Sector at 10:30, line 2. # T1: # Grove's T3.2. # T1: # T1: # T1: # Sector at 10:30, line 3. # T1: # Grove's T3.3. # T1: # T1: # T1: # Sector at 11:30, line 1. # T1: # Grove's T4.1. # T1: # T1: # T1: # Sector at 11:30, line 2. # T1: # Grove's T4.2. # T1: # T1: # T1: # Sector at 11:30, line 3. # T1: # Grove's T4.3. # T1: # T1: # T1: # Sector at 00:30, line 1. # T1: # Grove's T5.1. # T1: # T1: # T1: # Sector at 00:30, line 2. # T1: # Grove's T5.2. # T1: # The gallows has half of a hook at the end of the horz arm, so it is halfway between @f and @z. # T1: # T1: # T1: # Sector at 00:30, line 3. # T1: # Grove's T5.3. # T1: # T1: # T1: # Sector at 01:30, line 1. # T1: # Grove's T6.1. # T1: # T1: # T1: # Sector at 01:30, line 2. # T1: # Grove's T6.2. # T1: # T1: # T1: # Sector at 02:30, line 1. # T1: # Grove's T7.1. # T1: # T1: # T1: # Sector at 02:30, line 2. # T1: # Grove's T7.2. # T1: # T1: # T1: # Sector at 03:30, line 1. # T1: # Grove's T8.1. # T1: # T1: # T1: # Sector at 03:30, line 2. # T1: # Grove's T8.2. # T1: # T1: # T1: # Sector at 04:30, line 1. # T1: # Grove's T9.1. # T1: # &231 = a @C with the start of an @m tail that curves forward and up, stopping short, almost but not quite ligating with a following @i. Similar to &229. # T1: # T1: # T1: # Sector at 04:30, line 2. # T1: # Grove's T9.2. # T1: # T1: # T1: # Sector at 05:30, line 1. # T1: # Grove's T10.1. # T1: # T1: # T1: # Sector at 05:30, line 2. # T1: # Grove's T10.2. # T1: # T1: # T1: # Sector at 05:30, line 3. # T1: # Grove's T10.3. # T1: # T1: # T1: # Sector at 06:30, line 1. # T1: # Grove's T11.1. # T1: # T1: # T1: # Sector at 06:30, line 2. # T1: # Grove's T11.2. # T1: # T1: # T1: # Sector at 06:30, line 3. # T1: # Grove's T11.3. # T1: # T1: # T1: # Sector at 07:30, line 1. # T1: # Grove's T12.1. # T1: # The gallows has half of a hook at the end of the horz arm, so it is halfway between @f and @z. # T1: # T1: # T1: # Sector at 07:30, line 2. # T1: # Grove's T12.2. # T1: # T1: # T1: # Sector at 07:30, line 3. # T1: # Grove's T12.3. # T1: # T1: # T1: # Unit : Circle of seven labels above some of the moons. # T1: # Conjectured by Robert Firth to be the names of the seven Ptolemaic planets # T1: # Transcribed clockwise from 09:30, right after the dotted line emanating from the central star. # T1: # "B" transcription from a message by R. Zandbergen, entered by J. Stolfi # T1: # T1: # Moon at 09:30, red. # T1: # The second half of the label was restored in dark gray ink. # T1: # T1: # T1: # Moon at 11:30, red; the Sun? # T1: # The first @o was restored in dark ink. # T1: # T1: # T1: # Moon at 01:30, red # T1: # T1: # T1: # Moon at 02:30, light yellow. # T1: # The gallows has half of a hook at the end of the horz arm, so it is halfway between @p and @w. # T1: # T1: # T1: # Moon at 03:30, light yellow. # T1: # T1: # T1: # Moon at 04:30, red. # T1: # T1: # T1: # Moon at 07:30, red. # T1: # The gallows has half of a hook at the end of the horz arm, so it is halfway between @f and @z. # T1: # T1: # T1: # Unit : Circle of 12 labels under the moons. # T1: # Transcribed clockwise from 08:30, at the dotted line emanating from the central star. # T1: # T1: # Moon at 08:30, yellow, no label above. # T1: # T1: # T1: # Moon at 09:30, red. # T1: # T1: # T1: # Moon at 10:30, yellow, no label above. # T1: # T1: # T1: # Moon at 11:30, red. # T1: # T1: # T1: # Moon at 00:30, yellow, no label above. # T1: # T1: # T1: # Moon at 01:30, red. # T1: # The @t gallows has a longish serif on the right leg. Assumed accident. # T1: # T1: # T1: # Moon at 02:30, yellow. # T1: # T1: # T1: # Moon at 03:30, yellow. # T1: # T1: # T1: # Moon at 04:30, red. # T1: # T1: # T1: # Moon at 05:30, red, no label above. # T1: # T1: # T1: # Moon at 06:30, yellow, no label above. # T1: # T1: # T1: # Moon at 07:30, red. # T1: # T1: # T1: # Unit : Circle of 8 labels around central star/flower. # T1: # Transcribed clockwise from 08:30 after the "dotted tail" emanating from the central "star". # T1: # T1: # At 09:00. # T1: # T1: # T1: # At 10:30. # T1: # T1: # T1: # At 00:30. # T1: # T1: # T1: # At 02:30. # T1: # The final glyph is ambiguous, could be @r or @s. # T1: # T1: # T1: # At 03:30. # T1: # The @e is glued at bottom to the left leg of the @p. Assumed accident. # T1: # T1: # T1: # At 05:30. # T1: # T1: # T1: # At 07:00. # T1: # The next two labels have aligned baselines, so assumed to be single label. # T1: # T1: # T1: # Former unit (at 08:00) merged into . # T1: # T1: # Unit : Text below diagram. # T1: # T1: # The last word seems compressed and is only a few mm from the folio's edge. # T1: # T1: # This line was restored in red ink. # T1: # Between the @q and @y in @'qykeey' there is a very tiny @e. Could be an # T1: # accidental mangling of @e or @o, or just hiccup of the pen on the long horz arm of the @q, # T1: # improperly "enhanced" by the Red Scribe. # T1: # Not clear whether the word before the fold should be @'okalar' or @'okolar'. # T1: # The last two glyphs are compressed against the folio's edge and one is unreadable. # T1: # T1: # T1: # The last two glyphs are compressed against the folio's edge but the reading @'om' seems most likely. # T1: # T1: