o que vc pensou: https://br.pinterest.com/pin/576249714822716136/
armas autonomas (letal autonomous weapons systems LAWS - ou AWS
autonomia: decide quem é o alvo e decide quando/se ataca-lo (select and engage)
balas autonomas (missies): só agem 1 vez e rapidamente
robos com armas (drones, barcos autonomos, veiculos): reusavel e ativo por muito tempo
“loitering munitions” ou kamikaze drones parece ser um caso intermediario entre balas e robos https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loitering_munition
Human-in-the-Loop Weapons: Robots that can select targets and deliver force only with a human command;
Human-on-the-Loop Weapons: Robots that can select targets and deliver force under the oversight of a human operator who can override the robots’ actions;
Human-out-of-the-Loop Weapons: Robots that are capable of selecting targets and delivering force without any human input or interaction.
“Numerous examples of the first type already are in use. For example, Israel’s Iron Dome system detects incoming rockets, predicts their trajectory, and then sends this information to a human soldier who decides whether to launch an interceptor rocket.”
“the MK 15 Phalanx Close-In Weapons System has been used on Navy ships since the 1980s, and it is capable of detecting, evaluating, tracking, engaging, and using force against antiship missiles and high-speed aircraft threats without any human commands.49”
“the SGR-A1 built by Samsung, a sentry robot used along the Korean Demilitarized Zone. It uses a low-light camera and pattern-recognition software to detect intruders and then issues a verbal warning. If the intruder does not surrender, the robot has a machine gun that can be fired remotely by a soldier the robot has alerted, or by the robot itself if it is in fully automatic mode.48” (em 2012 so o modo de vigilancia estava ligado)
parece nao existir ainda.
porque desenvolve-los?
incapacidade de comunicacao durante batalhas
batalhas muito rápidas (aereas)
https://futureoflife.org/aws/real-life-technologies-that-prove-autonomous-weapons-are-already-here/
Contra:
perda de accountability em batalhas
sem limites eticos que soldados tem (?)
baixar o custo de entrar em guerra (guerras simétricas locais)
aumentar o custo de terminar uma invasão por uma potencia militar (invasão por uma potencia)
AWS de super baixo custo (drones pequenos) usado por pessoas ou grupos
Cenarios de ficção(?) cientifica:
assassinatos por mini drones
killer robots soltos numa subpopulacao para exterminio ou terrorismo (no sentido de criar terror)
hacking de AWS
falhas em AWS
adversarial attack in AWS
A favor:
ataques mais precisos com menor danos colaterias (bombardeiros da 2a guerra vs ataques de drones)
sem escalada e erros por causa de emoções dos soldados
ataque mais ético já que a arma nao tem auto preservacao
Losing Humanity The Case against Killer Robots, 2012 https://www.hrw.org/report/2012/11/19/losing-humanity/case-against-killer-robots
Pros and Cons of Autonomous Weapons Systems Amitai Etzioni, Oren Etzioni, 2017 https://www.armyupress.army.mil/Journals/Military-Review/English-Edition-Archives/May-June-2017/Pros-and-Cons-of-Autonomous-Weapons-Systems/
The Problem with Killer Robots Nathan G. Wood https://philarchive.org/archive/GABTPW-3
Army of None, Scharre 2018 https://www.amazon.com.br/Army-None-Autonomous-Weapons-Future/dp/0393608980
Slaughterbots (video) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9rDo1QxI260